Ceylonese protests against the Vietnam War

Ceylonese protests against the Vietnam War
Ceylonese protests against the Vietnam War
Part of protests against the Vietnam War and the 1971 JVP insurrection
Location	Dominion of Ceylon
Caused by	Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War ; Ceylonese government support to the U.S. during the Vietnam War
Goals	End of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War and Ceylonese support to the U.S. government
Methods	Civil disobedience; Vandalism; Protest marches;
Resulted in	Prohibition of several Ceylonese leftist youth groups
Parties
Government of Ceylon; Ceylonese Armed Forces; Ceylon Police;	Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna Dharmasekara Clique; Kotte Clique; Peradeniya Clique; Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Revolutionary); Revolutionary Youth Front; Supported by:; Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist) (alleged);
Lead figures
	William Gopallawa; Dudley Senanayake; Dharmasekara; D.A Gunesekara; Sarath Wijesinghe;
Casualties
Death(s)	1–2
Injuries	10–12
Arrested	100 (19 March 1971); 120 (20 March 1971); 375 (30 March 1971); 410 (1 April 1971);

In March 1971, several left-wing political organisations in the Dominion of Ceylon (modern-day Sri Lanka) protested against U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.^[2]

Protests

The protesters gathered in the road leading to the U.S. embassy in Ceylon and many of them were youths who were influenced by the worldwide Anti-War Movement including the group within United States itself. The government didn't pay attention to the protests until 10 March 1971 when the protesters threw a petrol bomb towards the United States Embassy in Ceylon.

The rioters attacked and damaged the vehicles parked outside the embassy and killed a police officer who was at duty outside the embassy. This attacks were believed to be planned by the political movement, Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna which was a revolutionary communist youth front. Although it was new, the party was alleged to many crimes by other leftist groups at the time. JVP denied active involvement and claimed it was government sponsored anti-communism and that it is trying to stop a revolutionary movement. Following the allegations, JVP planned arming itself and be more elitist especially against the government. LSSP R and Revolutionary Youth Front (Ceylon) was also among the rally.^[2] JVP members claimed later that they were in fact involved but the group that threw a petrol bomb was a different group named JVP - Dharmasekara group and Wijeweera had no involvement.^[2] They further stated that Dharmasekara group was a Maoist group that tried to stop it from carrying out a revolution involving 'mass movement' rather than Maoist Potracted People's War tactics. Later in prison, Wijeweera wrote a book where he states "It is much easier to make a Guerrilla than coordinate a Political Movement".^[2]

Account of the JVP members

According to the JVP a politburo member,^[2] known as Dharmasekara was responsible. Osmond was the secondary leader of the JVP next to Wijeweera and he said he wasn't aware of the attack. Police raided his compound to arrest him and Wijeweera in prison have sent a message to Osmond who is also under arrest, according to 'Niyamuva' (a JVP publication) the message read:

Distribute a leaflet to make the masses aware regarding the reppression, carry out other propaganda campaigns, full time activists to change their areas to avoid suppression and to retreat at places where reppression is high. Also, to meet lawyers favourable to the party regarding taking legal action to free the members currently under arrest.

Government reaction and arrests

The government banned the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. The ban was to be lift by 1972 but the group banned would go begin a uprising that made the government name it as a terrorist organization. CCP (Maoist) was also banned in 1971 following the uprising.^[3] JVP leader Rohana Wijeweera was arrested and was sent to the Jaffna prison. The other groups that were blamed was the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Revolutionary), Socialist Students Union (a recruitment wing of the JVP) and Revolutionary Youth Front (Ceylon). ^[4]

13 March 1971

Wijeweera and Senanayake was arrested by Ceylon Police Force.

19 March 1971

On 19 March 1971 it was announced that Police and Army were given broad powers. At the time the number taken into custody was around 100.

20 March 1971

The Department of Information reported on 20 March 1971 that the number taken into custody was around 120. The security forces set fire to a house for the first time at Mawarala in Matara to capture some JVP members.

27 March 1971

The government captures more than 300 youths. Many who worked with Nagalingam Shanmugadasan at the CCP was also arrested. Vidyodaya and Vidyalankara campuses were raided by the Armed forces due to the alleged connections to the JVP and CCP (Maoist).

By 1 April, over 410 were arrested.

5 April 1971

The JVP launches a pre-planned island wide insurrection to take cover the government through an armed revaluation.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c The History of the JVP 1965-1994. Niyamuva publishers. 10 November 2023. p. 23. ISBN 978-955-8696-39-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e JVP, a history.
^ j.c.k. (20 April 1971). "China's Dilemma In Ceylon". Radio Free Europe Research. Retrieved 8 September 2021 – via Blinken Open Society Archives.
^ A Lost Revolution: The JVP Insurrection 1971

[Cliques-1] The History of the JVP 1965-1994. Niyamuva publishers. 10 November 2023. p. 23. ISBN 978-955-8696-39-2.

[Javipe-2] JVP, a history.

[3] .c.k. (20 April 1971). "China's Dilemma In Ceylon". Radio Free Europe Research. Retrieved 8 September 2021 – via Blinken Open Society Archives.

[4] A Lost Revolution: The JVP Insurrection 1971

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