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Danielle Mitterrand

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Danielle Mitterrand
Mitterrand in 2007
Spouse of the President of France
In role
21 May 1981 – 17 May 1995
PresidentFrançois Mitterrand
Preceded byAnne-Aymone Giscard d'Estaing
Succeeded byBernadette Chirac
Personal details
Born
Danielle Émilienne Isabelle Gouze

(1924-10-29)29 October 1924
Verdun, France
Died22 November 2011(2011-11-22) (aged 87)
Paris, France
Resting placeCimetière de Cluny, France
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1944; died 1996)​
Children3, including Jean-Christophe Mitterrand

Danielle Émilienne Isabelle Mitterrand (née Gouze; 29 October 1924 – 22 November 2011) was the wife of French President François Mitterrand, and president of the Fondation Danielle-Mitterrand - France Libertés [fr].[1]

Life

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Danielle Émilienne Isabelle Gouze was born on 29 October 1924 in Verdun, in the Meuse.[2] Her father, Antoine Gouze (1885–1958), was a college principal. Her mother, born Renée Flachot (1890–1971), was a teacher. Her parents were secularists, Republicans and French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) activists.

In 1940, Antoine Gouze refused to list the Jewish students and teachers at his college and was dismissed by the Vichy government. He then moved to Cluny where he gave private lessons. From 1940 to 1942, her family regularly housed members in hiding of the Resistance Combat network, including its leader, Henri Frenay. Her family aided the French Resistance and helped lodge members of the Maquis.[1] Following her sister Christine, she joined the French Resistance when she was seventeen; she was later awarded the Resistance Medal.[3] She also became a liaison officer in the Resistance. She met François Mitterrand there and married him on 28 October 1944, three months after the Liberation.[1]

Mitterrand had three sons: Pascal (b. 1945; died aged two months), Jean-Christophe (b. 1946) and Gilbert Mitterrand (b. 1949).[4][1][3]

She created the France-Libertés Foundation in 1986, when she was First Lady, with the merger of three smaller associations which had been established in 1981.[1]

In July 1992, on her way to Halabja in support of the Kurds, she was involved in a car bomb in Iraqi Kurdistan; though she survived, as did minister Bernard Kouchner, seven people in her convoy were killed, and seventeen others were wounded.[5][6]

In 1996, Mitterrand was awarded the North–South Prize "for her position in favour of the human rights and, symbolically, to Algerian women, for their daily fight for freedom."[7]

Mitterrand died on 22 November 2011 aged 87 after being hospitalized for fatigue.[8]

Views

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Mitterrand was a longtime supporter of Cuba and its Marxist–Leninist government.[9] She befriended Fidel Castro, Subcomandante Marcos, and the Dalai Lama.[10][5] However, she was critical of Castro's torturing and killing of Cuban political prisoners.[3] During Fidel Castro's 1995 visit to France, she also helped secure the release of imprisoned Cuban dissident Yndamiro Restano Díaz, who was reportedly freed at her request.[11][12] She was also a supporter of the ANC and the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa.[13]

She also supported the Sandinistas when her husband gave them military aid in their war against US-backed forces in Nicaragua.[citation needed] She was very critical of Turkey, opposing its accession to the European Union and supportive of the Kurdistan independence movement.[14] She voiced her views in favour of Sahrawi separatists,[15] Mexican insurgent Subcomandante Marcos,[16] and the Tibetan people, among others.

As First Lady, she spoke out against human rights violations, including in countries with which the French government was seeking to maintain good relations; she earned the ire both of the Chinese government and of King Hassan II of Morocco, in particular. Her France-Libertés Foundation provided financial support to local human rights initiatives abroad, and also financed access to medicine and education in poor countries.[1]

She supported a "no" vote in the 2005 French referendum on the European Constitution: "I denounce the power of the economy over people, a system that turns individuals into elements in an economic equation, does not respect the poor and excludes everyone that does not live up to the principle of profitability".[17]

Works

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  • These men are first our brothers (Ces hommes sont avant tout nos frères), Ramsay, 1996, on the Indians of Chiapas
  • Torture in Tunisia: Committee for freedom and human rights in Tunisia (La torture en Tunisie : Comité pour le respect des libertés et des droits de l’homme en Tunisie), Le temps des cerises, 2000

Honours

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The French International School MLF Danielle Mitterrand in Iraqi Kurdistan is named after her.[18]

Foreign honours

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Gurrey, Béatrice (22 November 2011). "Danielle Mitterrand, les combats d'une militante". Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  2. ^ "Family tree of Danielle MITTERRAND". Geneanet. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  3. ^ a b c Willsher, Kim (23 November 2011). "Obituary: Danielle Mitterrand: Former first lady of France and human rights campaigner". The Guardian. p. 47. ISSN 0261-3077.
  4. ^ "Obituary: Danielle Mitterrand". BBC News. 22 November 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  5. ^ a b Davison, Phil (24 November 2011). "Danielle Mitterrand". The Independent. p. 52.
  6. ^ "Danielle Mitterrand: Obituaries Campaigning, outspoken wife of the former French president who kept silent about his secret daughter". The Daily Telegraph. 23 November 2011.
  7. ^ "The North South Prize of Lisbon". North-South Centre. Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 15 February 2008. Retrieved 21 January 2008.
  8. ^ "OBITUARIES; DANIELLE MITTERRAND, 1924 - 2011; Former first lady of France". Los Angeles Times. 23 November 2011.
  9. ^ "Danielle Mitterrand in Cuba". Archived from the original on 10 February 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2007.
  10. ^ Crumley, Bruce (14 December 2011). "Danielle Mitterand: First Lady of France, 87". Time. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  11. ^ "World News Briefs;Havana Releases A Second Dissident". The New York Times. 2 June 1995. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
  12. ^ Fabricio, Roberto (15 October 1995). "Switch Hitting". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
  13. ^ Mandela, Nelson (1994). Long Walk to Freedom. p. 523.
  14. ^ "Cyprus News Agency: News in English (AM), 99-03-10". Hri.org. 10 March 1999. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
  15. ^ "afrol News - Systematic maltreatments revealed in Saharawi camps". Afrol.com. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
  16. ^ Smith, David (11 March 2001). "Mexico waits for the masked crusader". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
  17. ^ Leick, Romain (23 May 2005). "SPIEGEL Interview with Danielle Mitterrand: Francois Mitterrand's Widow Says, "I Will Vote No"". Der Spiegel. ISSN 2195-1349. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  18. ^ "Consul Generals discuss developments and initiatives in Kurdistan" (Archive). Kurdistan Regional Government Department of Foreign Relations. Thursday March 15, 2012. Retrieved on April 27, 2015.
  19. ^ Volks krant, State visit of Netherlands in France (Mitterrand), 1991, Group Photo Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ "Roster of Recipients of Presidential Awards". Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  21. ^ Photo Archived 2016-03-08 at the Wayback Machine of the state in Sweden, Danielle Mitterrand : Polar Star
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Unofficial roles
Preceded by Spouse of the President of France
1981–1995 		Succeeded by
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