Galium album
| Galium album | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Genus: | Galium |
| Species: | G. album
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| Binomial name | |
| Galium album | |
| Subspecies | |
| Synonyms | |
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Species[2]
Subspecies G. album subsp. album[3]
G. album subsp. prusense[4]
G. album subsp. pycnotrichum[5]
G. album subsp. suberectum[6]
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Galium album, common names white bedstraw[7] and upright hedge bedstraw,[8] is an annual, herbaceous plant of the family Rubiaceae and is native to much of Europe.
Description
[edit]The stems can grow to at least 150 centimetres (5 feet) and are more or less erect with ascending branches. The stem is square in sections with slight flanges. The plant is relatively hairless with shiny leaves and stem. Flowers are white or yellowish.[9] The fruits are hairless.[10][11]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Galium album is widespread over much of Europe, native to a large region from Britain to Morocco, east to Turkey and Western Siberia. It has been introduced and is naturalized in Ireland, Scandinavia, Greenland and South Australia.[2] It is found in pastures and grassy banks, especially on dry calcareous soils. In Britain, G. album is local in lowland England, rare in the north, and very rare in Scotland.[9]
Subspecies
[edit]Five subspecies were accepted by Plants of the World Online as of December 2024[update], listed here with their native distributions:[2]
- Galium album subsp. album – most of the range of the species[3]
- Galium album subsp. amani Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem. – parts of Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey[12]
- Galium album subsp. prusense (K.Koch) Ehrend. & Krendl – Greece, Bulgaria, Crimea, Turkey, and Caucasus[4]
- Galium album subsp. pycnotrichum (Heinr.Braun) Krendl – from Poland south to Greece and Turkey[5]
- Galium album subsp. suberectum (Klokov) Michalk. – Carpathian Mountains of western Ukraine[6]
References
[edit]- ^ NatureServe (6 December 2024). "Galium album White Bedstraw". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Galium album Mill". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
- ^ a b "Galium album subsp. album". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
- ^ a b "Galium album subsp. prusense (K.Koch) Ehrend. & Krendl". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
- ^ a b "Galium album subsp. pycnotrichum (Heinr.Braun) Krendl". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
- ^ a b "Galium album subsp. suberectum (Klokov) Michalk". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
- ^ NRCS. "Galium album". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 9 December 2024.
- ^ "Galium album". European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). Retrieved 9 December 2024.
- ^ a b Clapham, A. R., Tutin, T. G. and Warburg, E. F. (1987). Excursion Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23290-2. p. 302.
- ^ Hennedy, Roger (1891). The Clydesdale Flora. Glasgow: Hugh Hopkins. p. 97.
- ^ Michalková, Eleonóra. 1993. Biología, Bot. (Bratislava) 48(1): 48
- ^ "Galium album subsp. amani Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
External links
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