Helminthopsis

Helminthopsis
	Helminthopsis trace fossils from the Logan Formation (Lower Carboniferous) of Wooster, Ohio
	Helminthopsis trace fossils in a core from the Belridge Diatomite (Upper Miocene) of Lost Hills Oil Field, California
Trace fossil classification
Ichnogenus:	†Helminthopsis; Heer, 1877

Helminthopsis is the ichnogenus of a type of trace fossil that is found preserved on the bedding planes of fine-grained sedimentary rocks. It is characterized by short, curvilinear, non-branching, parallel-sided, unlined traces on bedding surfaces. It is thought to represent the submarine feeding trails of an invertebrate organism that worked the surface of muddy substrates in search of food.^[1]^[2] Because Helminthopsis traces never cross over themselves, the ichnogenus is distinguished from similar traces assigned to the Gordia ichnogenus.^[3] The similar sounding, but now obsolete, ichnogenus Helminthoida refers to a somewhat similar trace characterized by regular, back-and-forth meanders, whereas Helminthopsis traces are irregular.^[4]

References

^ Fillion, D.; Pickerall, R.K. (1990). "Ichnology of the Upper Cambrian? to Lower Ordovician Bell Island and Waban groups of eastern Newfoundland, Canada". Palaeontographica Canadian. 7: 1–41.
^ Buatois, L.A., Mángano, M.G., Maples, C.G. and Lanier, W.P. (1998). "Ichnology of an Upper Carboniferous fluvio-estuarine paleovalley: The Tonganoxie sandstone, Buildes Quarry, eastern Kansas, USA". Journal of Paleontology. 72: 152–180. Bibcode:1998JPal...72..152B. doi:10.1017/S0022336000024094. S2CID 140690638.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Wang, Y.; Lin, J. P.; Zhao, Y. L.; Orr, P. J. (2009). "Palaeoecology of the trace fossil Gordia and its interaction with nonmineralizing taxa from the early Middle Cambrian Kaili Biota, Guizhou Province, South China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 277 (1–2): 141–148. Bibcode:2009PPP...277..141W. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.02.017.
^ Carmona, N.B., Buatois, L.A., Mángano, M.A. and Bromley, R.G. (2008). "Ichnology of the Lower Miocene Chenque Formation, Patagonia, Argentina: animal - substrate interactions and the Modern Evolutionary Fauna". Ameghiniana. 45 (1).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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[fillion1990-1] Fillion, D.; Pickerall, R.K. (1990). "Ichnology of the Upper Cambrian? to Lower Ordovician Bell Island and Waban groups of eastern Newfoundland, Canada". Palaeontographica Canadian. 7: 1–41.

[buatois1998-2] Buatois, L.A., Mángano, M.G., Maples, C.G. and Lanier, W.P. (1998). "Ichnology of an Upper Carboniferous fluvio-estuarine paleovalley: The Tonganoxie sandstone, Buildes Quarry, eastern Kansas, USA". Journal of Paleontology. 72: 152–180. Bibcode:1998JPal...72..152B. doi:10.1017/S0022336000024094. S2CID 140690638.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[wang2009-3] Wang, Y.; Lin, J. P.; Zhao, Y. L.; Orr, P. J. (2009). "Palaeoecology of the trace fossil Gordia and its interaction with nonmineralizing taxa from the early Middle Cambrian Kaili Biota, Guizhou Province, South China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 277 (1–2): 141–148. Bibcode:2009PPP...277..141W. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.02.017.

[carmona2008-4] Carmona, N.B., Buatois, L.A., Mángano, M.A. and Bromley, R.G. (2008). "Ichnology of the Lower Miocene Chenque Formation, Patagonia, Argentina: animal - substrate interactions and the Modern Evolutionary Fauna". Ameghiniana. 45 (1).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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[2]

[3]

[4]

See also

References