Himantura

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*Himantura*
	; Himantura uarnak
Taxonomia
Superregne	Holozoa
Regne	Animalia
Fílum	Chordata
Classe	Chondrichthyes
Ordre	Myliobatiformes
Família	Dasyatidae
Gènere	Himantura ; Müller i Henle, 1837
Tipus taxonòmic	Himantura uarnak

Himantura és un gènere de rajades de la família dels dasiàtids.^[1]

Descripció

Cap continu amb el disc, el qual és un rombe arrodonit, cobert de denticles aplanats però sense grans espines i més ample que llarg.
La longitud del musell és menor o igual a la distància entre els espiracles.
Se les distingeix d'altres rajades per tenir una cua llarga, prima, sense plecs i amb 1-2 espines verinoses.
Totes les espècies són morfològicament molt diverses, fins al punt que el gènere podria presentar polifiletisme.^[2]^[3]

Distribució geogràfica

És un gènere circumtropical que es troba a tots els oceans tropicals (llevat de l'Atlàntic oriental), la majoria de les espècies del qual viuen al Pacífic occidental i l'oceà Índic.^[4]^[3]

Taxonomia

Himantura alcockii (Annandale, 1909)^[5]
Himantura astra (Last, Manjaji-Matsumoto & Pogonoski, 2008)^[6]
Himantura bleekeri (Blyth, 1860)^[7]
Himantura chaophraya - Escurçana gegant d'aigua dolça (Monkolprasit & Roberts, 1990)^[8]
Himantura dalyensis (Last & Manjaji-Matsumoto, 2008)^[9]
Himantura draco (Compagno & Heemstra, 1984)^[10]
Himantura fai (Jordan & Seale, 1906)^[11]
Himantura fava (Annandale, 1909)^[5]
Himantura fluviatilis (Hamilton, 1822)
Himantura gerrardi (Gray, 1851)^[12]
Himantura granulata (Macleay, 1883)^[13]^[14]
Himantura hortlei (Last, Manjaji-Matsumoto & Kailola, 2006)^[15]
Himantura imbricata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)^[16]
Himantura jenkinsii (Annandale, 1909)^[17]
Himantura kittipongi (Vidthayanon & Roberts, 2005)^[18]
Himantura krempfi (Chabanaud, 1923)^[19]
Himantura leoparda (Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2008)^[20]
Himantura lobistoma (Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2006)^[21]
Himantura marginata (Blyth, 1860)^[7]
Himantura microphthalma (Chen, 1948)^[22]
Himantura oxyrhyncha (Sauvage, 1878)^[23]^[24]
Himantura pacifica (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941)^[25]
Himantura pareh (Bleeker, 1852)^[26]
Himantura pastinacoides (Bleeker, 1852)^[26]
Himantura schmardae (Werner, 1904)^[27]^[28]
Himantura signifer (Compagno & Roberts, 1982)^[29]
Himantura toshi (Whitley, 1939)^[30]
Himantura uarnacoides (Bleeker, 1852)^[26]
Himantura uarnak (Forsskål, 1775)^[31]
Himantura undulata (Bleeker, 1852)^[26]
Himantura walga (Müller & Henle, 1841)^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]

Referències

↑ The Taxonomicon (anglès)
↑ ZipCodeZoo (anglès)
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 Discover Life (anglès)
↑ Compagno, L.J.V. and Roberts, T.R. «Freshwater stingrays (Dasyatidae) of Southeast Asia and New Guinea, with description of a new species of Himantura and reports of unidentified species». Environmental Biology of Fishes, 7, 4, 1982, pàg. 321–339. DOI: 10.1007/BF00005567. (anglès)
↑ ^5,0 ^5,1 Annandale, N., 1909. Report on the fishes taken by the Bengal fisheries steamer "Golden Crown." Part I, Batoidei. Memoirs of the Indian Museum v. 2 (núm. 1): 1-60, Pls. 1-5.
↑ Last, P.R., Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M. & Pogonoski, J.J., 2008. Himantura astra sp. nov., a new whipray (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) from northern Australia. Pp. 303-314. A: Last, P.R., White, W.T. & Pogonoski, J.J. (eds.): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper núm. 22.
↑ ^7,0 ^7,1 Blyth, E., 1860. The cartilaginous fishes of lower Bengal. Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 29 (núm. 1): 35-45.
↑ Monkolprasit, S. i T.R. Roberts, 1990. Himantura chaophraya, a new giant freshwater stingray from Thailand. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 37(3):203-208.
↑ Last, P.R. & Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M., 2008. Himantura dalyensis sp. nov., a new estuarine whipray (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) from northern Australia. Pp. 283-291. A: Last, P.R., White, W.T. & Pogonoski, J.J. (eds.): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper núm. 22.
↑ Stehmann, M., 1995. Two new records of the dragon stingray, Himantura draco and a record of Himantura gerrardi from the western Indian Ocean (Elasmobranchii, Dasyatididae). J. Ichthyol. 35(5):74-88.
↑ Jordan, D. S. & Seale, A., 1906. The fishes of Samoa. Description of the species found in the archipelago, with a provisional check-list of the fishes of Oceania. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905): 173-455 + index 457-488, Pls. 33-53.
↑ Gray, J. E., 1851. List of the specimens of fish in the collection of the British Museum. Part I.--Chondropterygii. Londres. List of the specimens of fish in the collection of the British Museum. Part I.--Chondropterygii: i-x + 1-160, Pls. 1-2.
↑ Macleay, W., 1883. Contribution to a knowledge of the fishes of New Guinea.--Núm. III. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 7 (pt 4): 585-598.
↑ Ishihara, H., K. Homma, Y. Takeda i J.E. Randall, 1993. Redescription, distribution and food habits of the Indo-Pacific dasyatidid stingray Himantura granulata. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 40(1):23-28.
↑ Last, P. R., M. Manjaji-Matsumoto & P. J. Kailola, 2006. Himantura hortlei n. sp., a new species of whipray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Zootaxa Núm. 1239: 19-34.
↑ Bloch, M. E. & Schneider, J. G., 1801. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae.: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110.
↑ Annandale, N., 1909. Report on the fishes taken by the Bengal fisheries steamer "Golden Crown." Part I, Batoidei. Memoirs of the Indian Museum v. 2 (núm. 1): 1-60, Pls. 1-5.
↑ Vidthayanon, C. & T. R. Roberts, 2005. Himantura kittipongi, a new species of freshwater whiptail stingray from the Maekhlong River of Thailand (Elasmobranchii, Dasyatididae). Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. v. 53 (núm. 1): 123-132.
↑ Chabanaud, P., 1923. Description de deux Plagiostomiens nouveaux d'Indo-Chine, appartenant au genre Dasybatus (Trygon). Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris 1923 (núm. 1): 45-50.
↑ Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M. & Last, P.R., 2008. Himantura leoparda sp. nov., a new whipray (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) from the Indo–Pacific. Pp. 292-301. A: Last, P.R., White, W.T. & Pogonoski, J.J. (eds.): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper núm. 22.
↑ Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M. i P.R. Last, 2006. Himantura lobistoma, a new whipray (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae) from Borneo, with comments on the status of Dasyatis microphthamus. Ichthyol. Res. 53(3):290-297.
↑ Chen, J. T. F., 1948. Notes on the fish-fauna of Taiwan in the collections of the Taiwan Museum. I. Some records of Platosomeae from Taiwan, with description of a new species of Dasyatis. Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum (Taipei) v. 1 (núm. 3): 1-14.
↑ Sauvage, H. E., 1878. Sur une Himantura de Cochinchine. Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 2: 90-91.
↑ Deynat, P.P. i Y. Fermon, 2001. Resurrection of Himantura oxyrhyncha (Sauvage, 1878), from the synonymy of Himantura uarnak, a senior synonym of Himantura krempfi (Chabanaud, 1923) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae). Cybium 25(2):161-176.
↑ Beebe, W. & Tee-Van, J., 1941. Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXVIII. Fishes from the tropical eastern Pacific. (From Cedros Island, Lower California, south to the Galápagos Islands and northern Peru). Part 3. Rays, Mantas and Chimaeras. Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 26 (pt 3, núm. 26): 245-280, Pls. 1-4.
↑ ^26,0 ^26,1 ^26,2 ^26,3 Bleeker, P., 1852. Bijdrage tot de kennis der Plagiostomen van den Indischen Archipel. Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wettenschappen v. 24 (art. 12): 1-92, Pls. 1-4.
↑ Werner, F., 1904. Die Fische der zoologisch-verleichend-anatomischen Sammlung der Wiener Universität. I. Teil. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere v. 21 (núm. 3): 263-302.
↑ Almeida, M.P., P. Charvet-Almeida, G. Rincon i R. Barthem, 2008. Registro de ocorrência de Himantura schmardae (Chondrichthyes: Dasyatudae) na costa norte do Brasil. Arq. Ciên. Mar, Fortaleza, 41(2):90-94.
↑ Compagno, L. J. V. & Roberts, T. R., 1982. Freshwater stingrays (Dasyatidae) of southeast Asia and New Guinea, with description of a new species of Himantura and reports of unidentified species. Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 7 (núm. 4): 321-339.
↑ Whitley, G. P., 1939. Taxonomic notes on sharks and rays. Australian Zoologist v. 9 (pt 3): 227-262, Pls. 20-22.
↑ Forsskål, P., 1775. Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae. Descr. Animalium: 1-20 + i-xxxiv + 1-164, map.
↑ Müller, J. & Henle, F. G. J., 1838-1841. Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Veit und Comp., Berlín. Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen.: i-xxii + 1-200, 60 pls.
↑ BioLib (anglès)
↑ AQUATAB
↑ Catalogue of Life^{[Enllaç no actiu]} (anglès)
↑ World Register of Marine Species (anglès)
↑ FishBase (anglès)
↑ UNEP-WCMC Species Database^{[Enllaç no actiu]} (anglès)

Enllaços externs

Encyclopedia of Life (anglès)

[1] The Taxonomicon (anglès)

[2] ZipCodeZoo (anglès)

[Discover_Life-3] 3,0 ^3,1 Discover Life (anglès)

[compagno_and_roberts-4] Compagno, L.J.V. and Roberts, T.R. «Freshwater stingrays (Dasyatidae) of Southeast Asia and New Guinea, with description of a new species of Himantura and reports of unidentified species». Environmental Biology of Fishes, 7, 4, 1982, pàg. 321–339. DOI: 10.1007/BF00005567. (anglès)

[Annandale-5] 5,0 ^5,1 Annandale, N., 1909. Report on the fishes taken by the Bengal fisheries steamer "Golden Crown." Part I, Batoidei. Memoirs of the Indian Museum v. 2 (núm. 1): 1-60, Pls. 1-5.

[6] Last, P.R., Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M. & Pogonoski, J.J., 2008. Himantura astra sp. nov., a new whipray (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) from northern Australia. Pp. 303-314. A: Last, P.R., White, W.T. & Pogonoski, J.J. (eds.): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper núm. 22.

[Blyth-7] 7,0 ^7,1 Blyth, E., 1860. The cartilaginous fishes of lower Bengal. Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 29 (núm. 1): 35-45.

[8] Monkolprasit, S. i T.R. Roberts, 1990. Himantura chaophraya, a new giant freshwater stingray from Thailand. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 37(3):203-208.

[9] Last, P.R. & Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M., 2008. Himantura dalyensis sp. nov., a new estuarine whipray (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) from northern Australia. Pp. 283-291. A: Last, P.R., White, W.T. & Pogonoski, J.J. (eds.): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper núm. 22.

[10] Stehmann, M., 1995. Two new records of the dragon stingray, Himantura draco and a record of Himantura gerrardi from the western Indian Ocean (Elasmobranchii, Dasyatididae). J. Ichthyol. 35(5):74-88.

[11] Jordan, D. S. & Seale, A., 1906. The fishes of Samoa. Description of the species found in the archipelago, with a provisional check-list of the fishes of Oceania. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905): 173-455 + index 457-488, Pls. 33-53.

[12] Gray, J. E., 1851. List of the specimens of fish in the collection of the British Museum. Part I.--Chondropterygii. Londres. List of the specimens of fish in the collection of the British Museum. Part I.--Chondropterygii: i-x + 1-160, Pls. 1-2.

[13] Macleay, W., 1883. Contribution to a knowledge of the fishes of New Guinea.--Núm. III. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 7 (pt 4): 585-598.

[14] Ishihara, H., K. Homma, Y. Takeda i J.E. Randall, 1993. Redescription, distribution and food habits of the Indo-Pacific dasyatidid stingray Himantura granulata. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 40(1):23-28.

[15] Last, P. R., M. Manjaji-Matsumoto & P. J. Kailola, 2006. Himantura hortlei n. sp., a new species of whipray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Zootaxa Núm. 1239: 19-34.

[16] Bloch, M. E. & Schneider, J. G., 1801. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae.: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110.

[17] Annandale, N., 1909. Report on the fishes taken by the Bengal fisheries steamer "Golden Crown." Part I, Batoidei. Memoirs of the Indian Museum v. 2 (núm. 1): 1-60, Pls. 1-5.

[18] Vidthayanon, C. & T. R. Roberts, 2005. Himantura kittipongi, a new species of freshwater whiptail stingray from the Maekhlong River of Thailand (Elasmobranchii, Dasyatididae). Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. v. 53 (núm. 1): 123-132.

[19] Chabanaud, P., 1923. Description de deux Plagiostomiens nouveaux d'Indo-Chine, appartenant au genre Dasybatus (Trygon). Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris 1923 (núm. 1): 45-50.

[20] Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M. & Last, P.R., 2008. Himantura leoparda sp. nov., a new whipray (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) from the Indo–Pacific. Pp. 292-301. A: Last, P.R., White, W.T. & Pogonoski, J.J. (eds.): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper núm. 22.

[21] Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M. i P.R. Last, 2006. Himantura lobistoma, a new whipray (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae) from Borneo, with comments on the status of Dasyatis microphthamus. Ichthyol. Res. 53(3):290-297.

[22] Chen, J. T. F., 1948. Notes on the fish-fauna of Taiwan in the collections of the Taiwan Museum. I. Some records of Platosomeae from Taiwan, with description of a new species of Dasyatis. Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum (Taipei) v. 1 (núm. 3): 1-14.

[23] Sauvage, H. E., 1878. Sur une Himantura de Cochinchine. Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 2: 90-91.

[24] Deynat, P.P. i Y. Fermon, 2001. Resurrection of Himantura oxyrhyncha (Sauvage, 1878), from the synonymy of Himantura uarnak, a senior synonym of Himantura krempfi (Chabanaud, 1923) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae). Cybium 25(2):161-176.

[25] Beebe, W. & Tee-Van, J., 1941. Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXVIII. Fishes from the tropical eastern Pacific. (From Cedros Island, Lower California, south to the Galápagos Islands and northern Peru). Part 3. Rays, Mantas and Chimaeras. Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 26 (pt 3, núm. 26): 245-280, Pls. 1-4.

[Bleeker-26] 26,0 ^26,1 ^26,2 ^26,3 Bleeker, P., 1852. Bijdrage tot de kennis der Plagiostomen van den Indischen Archipel. Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wettenschappen v. 24 (art. 12): 1-92, Pls. 1-4.

[27] Werner, F., 1904. Die Fische der zoologisch-verleichend-anatomischen Sammlung der Wiener Universität. I. Teil. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere v. 21 (núm. 3): 263-302.

[28] Almeida, M.P., P. Charvet-Almeida, G. Rincon i R. Barthem, 2008. Registro de ocorrência de Himantura schmardae (Chondrichthyes: Dasyatudae) na costa norte do Brasil. Arq. Ciên. Mar, Fortaleza, 41(2):90-94.

[29] Compagno, L. J. V. & Roberts, T. R., 1982. Freshwater stingrays (Dasyatidae) of southeast Asia and New Guinea, with description of a new species of Himantura and reports of unidentified species. Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 7 (núm. 4): 321-339.

[30] Whitley, G. P., 1939. Taxonomic notes on sharks and rays. Australian Zoologist v. 9 (pt 3): 227-262, Pls. 20-22.

[31] Forsskål, P., 1775. Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae. Descr. Animalium: 1-20 + i-xxxiv + 1-164, map.

[32] Müller, J. & Henle, F. G. J., 1838-1841. Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Veit und Comp., Berlín. Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen.: i-xxii + 1-200, 60 pls.

[33] BioLib (anglès)

[34] AQUATAB

[35] Catalogue of Life^{[Enllaç no actiu]} (anglès)

[36] World Register of Marine Species (anglès)

[37] FishBase (anglès)

[38] UNEP-WCMC Species Database^{[Enllaç no actiu]} (anglès)

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