Ibhombu yeatom

Ngo-Agasti 9, 1945: Ilifu le-mushroom, elibangelwa nguFat Man phezu kweNagasaki, lafikelela kubude be-18. km.

Ibhombu yeathom (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi "Ibhombu " ngokwesigama esiphelelwe lixesha, okanye ngamanye amaxesha kubhekiselwa kulo ngegama elingafanelekanga "ibhombu yenyukliya") ligama ekudla ngokubhekiswa kulo ibhombu yenyukliya. Sisixhobo sokuqhushumba seqela lezixhobo zenyukliya, amandla aso aveliswa ngokupheleleyo kukuqhekeka kwetsheyina lenyukliya. Eli gama likwasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukubhekisa kwizixhobo ze-thermonuclear, njengoko zisenza uninzi lwezixhobo zenyukliya namhlanje.

Ukusebenza kwezi zixhobo kusekelwe kwi-reaction ye-nyukliya ye-fission, inkqubo yokwahlula i-nucleus ye-atomic, eyenzeka kwi- elementi enzima ebizwa ngokuba yi-fissile, ibe yi-nuclei ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zobunzima obuphantsi, kulandela ukungqubana ne- neutron yamahhala. Ukwaphulwa kwe-nucleus ngokulandelelana kuvelisa, ukongeza kwizinto ezikhaphukhaphu, kunye neeneutron ezongezelelweyo zasimahla, kunye nesixa esibaluleke kakhulu samandla. Ukuba i-fissile imathiriyeli ineqondo elaneleyo lokugxila kwaye ikubunzima obukhulu ngokwaneleyo, obubizwa ngokuba "yi-critical mass", i-neutrons zasimahla eziveliswayo ziyakwazi ukubetha i-nuclei entsha ye-fissile element, ivelisa ukusabela kwekhonkco okungalawulekiyo okusasazeka kubo bonke ubunzima. yemathiriyeli, ikhupha ubuninzi bamandla ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu.

Ibhombu ye-athomu sisixhobo sokutshatyalaliswa okukhulu, imveliso apho uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe lukhawulela umda kunye nesohlwayo ngeSivumelwano seNuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) .

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