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History of Pakistan

Timeline
Ancient Palaeolithic Soanian culture, c. 500,000 – 250,000 BCE Neolithic Mehrgarh, c. 7000 – c. 3000 BCE Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, c. 3300 – c. 1700 BCE Gandhara Civilization, c. 1500 BCE – c. 1000 CE Vedic Civilization, c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE Achaemenid Empire, c. 550 – c. 330 BCE Gedrosia, c. 542 – c. 330 BCE Gandhara, c. 518 – c. 330 BCE Arachosia, c. 518 – c. 330 BCE Hindush, c. 517 – c. 330 BCE Sattagydia, c. 516 – c. 330 BCE Ror dynasty, c. 489 – c. 450 BCE Macedonian Empire, c. 329 – c. 323 BCE Arachosia, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE Gedrosia, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE Paropamisadae, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE Porus, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE Taxiles, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE Mauryan Empire, c. 322 – c. 200 BCE Seleucid Empire, c. 312 – c. 63 BCE Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, c. 190 – c. 140 BCE Indo-Greek Kingdom, c. 170 – c. 50 BCE Indo-Scythian Kingdom, c. 110 BCE – c. 95 CE Apracharajas, c. 25 BCE – c. 50 CE Paratarajas, c. 120 – c. 300 CE
Classical Parthian Empire, c. 90 BCE – c. 25 CE Indo-Parthian Kingdom, c. 25 – c. 80 CE Kushan Empire, c. 60 – 345 CE Sasanian Empire, c. 250 – 655 CE Indo-Sasanians, c. 240 – 410 CE Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom, c. 240 – 410 CE Gupta Empire, c. 345 – c. 455 CE Rai dynasty, c. 415 – 644 CE Hephthalite Empire, c. 450 – 560 CE Brahman dynasty, c. 641 – 725 CE Zhangzhung, c. 500 BCE - 624 CE Patola Shahis, c. 6th - 8th centuries CE Tibetan empire, c. 618 - 842 CE
Medieval Caliphate, c. 643 – 860 CE Rashidun Caliphate, c. 643 – 661 CE Umayyad Caliphate, c. 670 – 860 CE Habbari dynasty, c. 841 – 1024 CE Hindu Shahi, c. 870 – 1010 CE Samanid Empire, c. 905 – 999 CE Ghaznavids, c. 999 – 1186 CE Soomra dynasty, c. 1024 – 1351 CE Ghurid dynasty, c. 1170 – 1215 CE Makpon Empire, c. 1190 - c. 1840 CE Delhi Sultanate, c. 1206 – c. 1526 CE Mamluk dynasty, c. 1206 – c. 1290 CE Khalji dynasty, c. 1290 – c. 1320 CE Tugluq dynasty, c. 1320 – c. 1413 CE Sayyid dynasty, c. 1414 – c. 1451 CE Lodhi dynasty, c. 1451 – c. 1526 CE Mongol Empire, c. 1221 – c. 1327 CE Chagatai Khanate, c. 1225 – c. 1485 CE Ilkhanate, c. 1256 – c. 1353 CE Raees dynasty, c. 1320 – 1620 CE Katoor dynasty, c. 1570 – c. 1947 CE Samma dynasty, c. 1351 – c. 1524 CE Yabgo dynasty, before c. 1500 - 1972 CE Arghun dynasty, c. 1520 – c. 1554 CE Mughal Empire, c. 1526 – c. 1707 CE Bombay Presidency, c. 1618 – c. 1947 CE Suri dynasty, c. 1540 – c. 1556 CE Tarkhan dynasty, c. 1554 – 1591 CE
Early modern Durrani Empire, c. 1747 – c. 1826 CE Las Bela, c. 1802 – c. 1947 CE Misl, c. 1716 – c. 1799 CE Maratha Empire, c. 1758 – c. 1760 CE Sikh Empire, c. 1799 – c. 1849 CE British Raj, c. 1858 – c. 1947 CE Independence Movement
Modern Pakistan, c. 1947 CE – present Dominion of Pakistan, c. 1947 – 1956 CE Islamic Republic, c. 1956 CE – present
History of provinces Azad Kashmir Balochistan East Pakistan Gilgit-Baltistan Islamabad Capital Territory Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Punjab Sindh
Category
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The Indo-Greek Kingdom was a Hellenic kingdom in present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan and parts of northern India from 180 BCE to around 10 CE, and was ruled by a succession of more than thirty Hellenic kings.^[1]

References

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↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2023-04-25. Retrieved 2022-07-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

Other websites

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News story of the latest archaeological discovery of artefacts dated back to Indo-Greek period
Indo-Greek history and coins Archived 2004-12-05 at the Wayback Machine
Ancient coinage of the Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kingdoms
Text of Prof. Nicholas Sims-Williams (University of London) mentioning the arrival of the Kushans and the replacement of Greek Language. Archived 2007-06-10 at the Wayback Machine
Wargame reconstitution of Indo-Greek armies Archived 2013-06-15 at the Wayback Machine

Gandhara

History

Culture

Archaeology

Peshawar basin	Takht-i-Bahi Sahr-i-Bahlol Seated Buddha Baho Dheri Aziz Dheri Shaji-ki-Dheri Kanishka stupa Loriyan Tangai Jamal Garhi Yusufzai‎ Sikri Yusufzai Butkara Stupa Bhamala Aziz Dheri Shingardara Ali Masjid Sphola Ahin Posh Swat Saidu Sharif Chakpat Barikot Charsadda Pushkalavati Ranigat Hashtnagar Sikri stupa
Taxila	Sirkap Dharmarajika Jaulian Kalawan Mohra Muradu Jandial Kunala Stupa Lalchak monastery Badalpur Bhallar Mankiala Bhir Mound
Swat (Oddiyana)	Rock carvings of Manglawar Apsidal temple Nemogram Stupa and Monastery Ghalegay Gumbat Stupa Amluk-Dara stupa Tokara Dara Stupa Janabad Seated Buddha
Outside Pakistan	Hadda Tapa Shotor Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Tapa-i Kafariha Shotorak Paitava Bimaran Mes Aynak Fondukistan Khair Khaneh Sphola Stupa Tapa Sardar Tepe Narenj Tepe Maranjan

Artifacts

Important figures

Middle kingdoms of Pakistan

Timeline and cultural period	Greater Indus Valley (Punjab - Sapta Sindhu)	Indus Plain		Baluchistan	Northern and Northwestern Pakistan
		Upper Indus Plain	Lower Indus Plain
IRON AGE
Culture	Late Vedic Period (Painted Grey Ware culture, Northern Black Polished Ware)		Late Vedic Period (Sindhu-Sauvīra)	Pre-history	Late Vedic Period
6th century BCE	Madra, Kekeya, Trigarta, Yaudheya, Sivi, Kuru (Puru clans)		(Achaeminid conquests)		Gandhara, Kamboja
Culture	Persian and Greek influences	"Second Urbanisation^{[broken anchor]}" Rise of Shramana movements Jainism - Buddhism - Yoga	Achaemenid period
5th century BCE	Pre-history		Hindush	Gedrosia, Arachosia	Gandāra, Sattagydia
4th century BCE	(Greek conquests)
HISTORICAL AGE
Culture	Spread of Buddhism
3rd century BCE	Maurya Empire			Greek influence
Culture	Preclassical Hinduism (ca. CE 200 - 300) - "Hindu Synthesis"			Seleucid–Mauryan influence	Development of Mahayana and Vajrayana in Gandhara and Oddiyana
2nd century BCE	Indo-Greek Kingdom
1st century BCE
1st century CE	Indo-Scythians Indo-Parthians			Indo-Parthians (Paratarajas)
2nd century CE	Kushan Empire
3rd century CE	Indo-Parthians (Apracharajas)		Sasanian Hind		Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom
4th century CE	Kidarites				Little Kushans
5th century CE	Alchon Huns			Hephthalite Empire
6th century CE	Nezak Huns Turk Shahis
Culture	Late-Classical Hinduism (ca. CE 650-1100), Zoroastrian influence, Spread of Islam
7th century CE	Indo-Sassanids, Arab Caliphates
8th century CE	Turk Shahis, Taank Kingdom
9th century CE	Hindu Shahis		Habbari dynasty	Saffarids
10th century CE	Ghaznavids
Sources for the table Sources Ahsan, Aitzaz (1996), The Indus saga and the making of Pakistan, Oxford University Press Flood, Gavin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press Hiltebeitel, Alf (2002), Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture", Routledge Khan, Sohail Ahmad (1998), Ancient, Medieval & Recent History and Coins of Pakistan, Leo books Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press

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