Isotopen van holmium
Het chemisch element holmium (Ho), met een atoommassa van 164,93032(2) u, bezit 1 stabiele isotoop: 165Ho, die ervan verdacht wordt om via α-verval te vervallen tot de radio-isotoop 161Tb. Het is tevens de enige in de natuur voorkomende isotoop van dit element, waardoor het valt onder de mononuclidische elementen. De 34 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van holmium is 141Ho, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 4,1 milliseconden. De langstlevende is 163Ho, met een halfwaardetijd van 4570 jaar.
Overzicht
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 140Ho | 67 | 73 | 139,96854(54) | 6(3) ms | 8+ | ||||
| 141Ho | 67 | 74 | 140,96310(54) | 4,1(3) ms | (7/2−) | ||||
| 141mHo | 66(2) keV | 6,4(8) µs | (1/2+) | ||||||
| 142Ho | 67 | 75 | 141,95977(54) | 400(100) ms | β+ | 142Dy | (6 tot 9) | ||
| p | 141Dy | ||||||||
| 143Ho | 67 | 76 | 142,95461(43) | 300 ms [> 200 ns] |
β+ | 143Dy | 11/2− | ||
| 144Ho | 67 | 77 | 143,95148(32) | 0,7(1) s | β+ | 144Dy | |||
| β+, p | 143Tb | ||||||||
| 145Ho | 67 | 78 | 144,94720(32) | 2,4(1) s | β+ | 145Dy | (11/2−) | ||
| 145mHo | 100(100) keV | 100 ms | 5/2+ | ||||||
| 146Ho | 67 | 79 | 145,94464(21) | 3,6(3) s | β+ | 146Dy | (10+) | ||
| β+, p (zelden) | 145Tb | ||||||||
| 147Ho | 67 | 80 | 146,94006(3) | 5,8(4) s | β+ | 147Dy | (11/2−) | ||
| β+, p (zelden) | 146Tb | ||||||||
| 148Ho | 67 | 81 | 147,93772(14) | 2,2(11) s | β+ | 148Dy | (1+) | ||
| 148m1Ho | 400(100) keV | 9,49(12) s | β+ (99,92%) | 148Dy | 6− | ||||
| β+, p (0,08%) | 147Tb | ||||||||
| 148m2Ho | 690(100) keV | 2,35(4) ms | (10+) | ||||||
| 149Ho | 67 | 82 | 148,933775(20) | 21,1(2) s | β+ | 149Dy | (11/2−) | ||
| 149m1Ho | 48,80(20) keV | 56(3) s | β+ | 149Dy | (1/2+) | ||||
| 149m2Ho | 7200(350) keV | > 100 ns | |||||||
| 150Ho | 67 | 83 | 149,933496(15) | 76,8(18) s | β+ | 150Dy | 2− | ||
| 150m1Ho | −10(50) keV | 23,3(3) s | β+ | 150Dy | 9+ | ||||
| 150m2Ho | ± 8000 keV | 751 ns | |||||||
| 151Ho | 67 | 84 | 150,931688(13) | 35,2(1) s | β+ (78%) | 151Dy | 11/2− | ||
| α (22%) | 147Tb | ||||||||
| 151mHo | 41,0(2) keV | 47,2(10) s | α (77%) | 147Tb | 1/2+ | ||||
| β+ (22%) | 151Dy | ||||||||
| 152Ho | 67 | 85 | 151,931714(15) | 161,8(3) s | β+ (88%) | 152Dy | 2− | ||
| α (12%) | 148Tb | ||||||||
| 152m1Ho | 160(1) keV | 50,0(4) s | 9+ | ||||||
| 152m2Ho | 3019,59(19) keV | 8,4(3) µs | 19− | ||||||
| 153Ho | 67 | 86 | 152,930199(6) | 2,01(3) min | β+ (99,94%) | 153Dy | 11/2− | ||
| α (0,05%) | 149Tb | ||||||||
| 153m1Ho | 68,7(3) keV | 9,3(5) min | β+ (99,82%) | 153Dy | 1/2+ | ||||
| α (0,18%) | 149Tb | ||||||||
| 153m2Ho | 2772 keV | 229(2) ns | (31/2+) | ||||||
| 154Ho | 67 | 87 | 153,930602(9) | 11,76(19) min | β+ (99,98%) | 154Dy | 2− | ||
| α (0,02%) | 150Tb | ||||||||
| 154mHo | 238(30) keV | 3,10(14) min | β+ (99,99%) | 154Dy | 8+ | ||||
| α (0,001%) | 150Tb | ||||||||
| IT (zelden) | 154Ho | ||||||||
| 155Ho | 67 | 88 | 154,929103(19) | 48(1) min | β+ | 155Dy | 5/2+ | ||
| 155mHo | 141,97(11) keV | 880(80) µs | 11/2− | ||||||
| 156Ho | 67 | 89 | 155,92984(5) | 56(1) min | β+ | 156Dy | 4− | ||
| 156m1Ho | 100(50) keV | 7,8(3) min | β+ | 156Dy | (9+) | ||||
| IT | 156Ho | ||||||||
| 156m2Ho | 52,4(5) keV | 9,5(15) s | 1− | ||||||
| 157Ho | 67 | 90 | 156,928256(26) | 12,6(2) min | β+ | 157Dy | 7/2− | ||
| 158Ho | 67 | 91 | 157,928941(29) | 11,3(4) min | β+ (93%) | 158Dy | 5+ | ||
| α (7%) | 154Tb | ||||||||
| 158m1Ho | 67,200(10) keV | 28(2) min | IT (81%) | 158Ho | 2− | ||||
| β+ (19%) | 158Dy | ||||||||
| 158m2Ho | 180(70) keV | 21,3(23) min | (9+) | ||||||
| 159Ho | 67 | 92 | 158,927712(4) | 33,05(11) min | β+ | 159Dy | 7/2− | ||
| 159mHo | 205,91(5) keV | 8,30(8) s | IT | 159Ho | 1/2+ | ||||
| 160Ho | 67 | 93 | 159,928729(16) | 25,6(3) min | β+ | 160Dy | 5+ | ||
| 160m1Ho | 59,98(3) keV | 5,02(5) uur | IT (65%) | 160Ho | 2− | ||||
| β+ (35%) | 160Dy | ||||||||
| 160m2Ho | 197(16) keV | 3 s | (9+) | ||||||
| 161Ho | 67 | 94 | 160,927855(3) | 2,48(5) uur | EV | 161Dy | 7/2− | ||
| 161mHo | 211,16(3) keV | 6,76(7) s | IT | 161Ho | 1/2+ | ||||
| 162Ho | 67 | 95 | 161,929096(4) | 15,0(10) min | β+ | 162Dy | 1+ | ||
| 162mHo | 106(7) keV | 67,0(7) min | IT (62%) | 162Ho | 6− | ||||
| β+ (38%) | 162Dy | ||||||||
| 163Ho | 67 | 96 | 162,9287339(27) | 4570(25) jaar | EV | 163Dy | 7/2− | ||
| 163mHo | 297,88(7) keV | 1,09(3) s | IT | 163Ho | 1/2+ | ||||
| 164Ho | 67 | 97 | 163,9302335(30) | 29(1) min | EV (60%) | 164Dy | 1+ | ||
| β− (40%) | 164Er | ||||||||
| 164mHo | 139,77(8) keV | 38,0(10) min | IT | 164Ho | 6− | ||||
| 165Ho | 67 | 98 | 164,9303221(27) | stabiel | 7/2− | 1,0000 | |||
| 166Ho | 67 | 99 | 165,9322842(27) | 26,83(2) uur | β− | 166Er | 0− | ||
| 166m1Ho | 5,985(18) keV | 1,200(180) jaar | β− | 166Er | 7− | ||||
| 166m2Ho | 190,9052(20) keV | 185(15) µs | 3+ | ||||||
| 167Ho | 67 | 100 | 166,933133(6) | 3,003(18) uur | β− | 167Er | 7/2− | ||
| 167mHo | 259,34(11) keV | 6,0(10) µs | 3/2+ | ||||||
| 168Ho | 67 | 101 | 167,93552(3) | 2,99(7) min | β− | 168Er | 3+ | ||
| 168m1Ho | 59(1) keV | 132(4) s | IT (99,5%) | 168Ho | (6+) | ||||
| β− (0,5%) | 168Er | ||||||||
| 168m2Ho | 143,4(2) keV | > 4 µs | 1− | ||||||
| 168m3Ho | 192,6(2) keV | 108(11) ns | 1+ | ||||||
| 169Ho | 67 | 102 | 168,936872(22) | 4,72(10) min | β− | 169Er | 7/2− | ||
| 170Ho | 67 | 103 | 169,93962(5) | 2,76(5) min | β− | 170Er | 6+ | ||
| 170mHo | 120(70) keV | 43(2) s | β− | 170Er | (1+) | ||||
| 171Ho | 67 | 104 | 170,94147(64) | 53(2) s | β− | 171Er | 7/2− | ||
| 172Ho | 67 | 105 | 171,94482(43) | 25(3) s | β− | 172Er | |||
| 173Ho | 67 | 106 | 172,94729(43) | 10 s | β− | 173Er | 7/2− | ||
| 174Ho | 67 | 107 | 173,95115(54) | 8 s | |||||
| 175Ho | 67 | 108 | 174,95405(64) | 5 s | 7/2− | ||||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683-800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
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