John Cecil Currie
John Cecil Currie | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1898 Westerham, England |
| Died | 26 June 1944 (aged 45–46) Normandy, France |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Service |  British Army |
| Years of service | 1914–1944 |
| Rank | Brigadier |
| Service number | 11446 |
| Unit | Royal Field Artillery Royal Artillery |
| Commands | A Battery, Royal Horse Artillery 2nd Field Regiment, Royal Artillery 4th Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery 9th Armoured Brigade 4th Armoured Brigade |
| Battles / wars | First World War Second World War |
| Awards | Distinguished Service Order & Two Bars Military Cross |
Brigadier John Cecil Currie DSO** MC (1898 – 26 June 1944) was a British Army officer who fought in both the First and the Second World Wars.
As commander of the 9th Armoured Brigade, he played a key role in the allied breakout from the town of El Alamein in what was to become the Second Battle of El Alamein in November 1942. He was killed in Normandy, France while leading the 4th Armoured Brigade in battle.
Early life
[edit]John Cecil Currie was born at Westerham in 1898, the son of Brigadier General Arthur Cecil Currie (1863–1942), CB CMG JP, Royal Artillery, and his wife, Amy Haggard.[1]
Military career
[edit]Early career
[edit]Educated at Cheltenham College and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich,[2] Currie was commissioned into the Royal Field Artillery on 22 April 1915.[3] He served in Mesopotamia in the First World War for which he was awarded the Military Cross.[4]
He remained in the army during the interwar period, and, in the autumn of 1939 he was deployed to France with 2nd Field Regiment Royal Artillery, part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and then took part in the Dunkirk evacuation in June 1940.[5] He then commanded the 4th Regiment Royal Horse Artillery at the Battle of Sidi Rezegh in November 1941 for which he was appointed a Companion if the Distinguished Service Order.[6]
Second Battle of El Alemain
[edit]In April 1942 Currie became commander of 9th Armoured Brigade.[2] In November 1942, on orders from Bernard Freyberg, General Officer Commanding 2nd New Zealand Division, he led the spearhead for the allied breakout from the town of El Alamein in what was to become the Second Battle of El Alamein.[2]
We all realise that for armour to attack a wall of guns sounds like another Balaclava, it is properly an infantry job. But there are no more infantry available. So our armour must do it.
— Lieutenant General Sir Bernard Freyberg[7]
Currie had tried to get the brigade out of doing this job stating that he believed the brigade would be attacking on too wide a front with no reserves and that they will most likely take 50 percent losses.[7]
The reply came from Freyberg that Montgomery[7]
...was aware of the risk and has accepted the possibility of losing 100% casualties in 9th Armoured Brigade to make the break, but in view of the promise of immediate following through of 1st Armoured Division, the risk was not considered as great as all that.
The 9th Armoured Brigade started its approach march at 8 pm on 1 November 1942 from El Alamein railway station with around 130 tanks; it arrived at its start line with only 94 tanks.[8] The brigade was to have started its attack towards Tel el Aqqaqir at 5.45a.m. behind a barrage; however, the attack was postponed for 30 minutes while the brigade regrouped on Currie's orders.[9] At 6.15 am, half an hour before dawn, the three regiments of the brigade advanced towards the gunline.[10]
The German and Italian anti-tank guns opened fire upon the charging tanks silhouetted by the rising sun using mostly Pak38 and Italian 47mm guns,[11] along with 24 of the formidable 88mm flak guns.[7]
The brigade had started the attack with 94 tanks and was reduced to only 24 runners (although many were recoverable)[10] and of the 400 tank crew involved in the attack 230 were killed, wounded or captured.[12]
After the brigade's action, Brigadier William Gentry, commanding the 6th New Zealand Brigade went ahead to survey the scene. On seeing Currie asleep on a stretcher, he approached him saying, "Sorry to wake you John, but I'd like to know where your tanks are?" Currie waved his hand at a group of tanks around him, replying "There they are". Gentry was puzzled. "I don't mean your headquarters tanks, I mean your armoured regiments. Where are they?" Currie waved his arm and again replied, "There are my armoured regiments, Bill".[13]
The brigade had sacrificed itself upon the gun line and caused great damage but had failed to create the gap for the 1st Armoured Division to pass through; however, the attack as expected[10] brought down the weight of the German and Italian tank reserve. At 11a.m. on 2 November the remains of 15th Panzer, 21st Panzer and Littorio Armoured Divisions counterattacked 1st Armoured Division and the remains of 9th Armoured Brigade, which by that time had dug in with a screen of anti-tank guns and artillery together with intensive air support. The counter-attack failed under a blanket of shells and bombs, resulting in a loss of some 100 tanks.[12]
North West Europe
[edit]Currie became commander of 4th Armoured Brigade in February 1943.[5] He led his brigade in the Normandy landings on 7 June 1944 but was killed when German shellfire hit his position on 26 June 1944.[14]
Family
[edit]On 9 December 1926 he married Marianne Charlotte Blackburn.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "John Cecil Currie War Memorial". Hazelwood School, United Kingdom. Hazelwood School, United Kingdom. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ^ a b c "Brigadier General John Cecil Currie DSO and Two Bars MC". Hazelwood School. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
- ^ "No. 29137". The London Gazette (Supplement). 20 April 1915. p. 3923.
- ^ "No. 30716". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 May 1918. p. 6465.
- ^ a b "Brigadier J C Currie DSO MC, Italy, 1943". National Army Museum. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
- ^ "No. 35452". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 February 1942. p. 703.
- ^ a b c d Barr 2005, p. 386.
- ^ Playfair 2004, p. 66.
- ^ Barr 2005, p. 387.
- ^ a b c Playfair 2004, p. 67.
- ^ "Walker (1967), p. 395".
- ^ a b Watson 2007, p. 24.
- ^ Lucas-Phillips 1962, p. 358.
- ^ "Currie, John Cecil". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
Bibliography
[edit]- Barr, Niall (2005) [2004]. Pendulum of War: The Three Battles of El Alamein. Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press. ISBN 978-1-58567-738-2.
- Lucas-Phillips, C. E. (1962). Alamein. London: Heinemann. OCLC 3510044.
- Playfair, Major-General I. S. O.; et al. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO 1966]. Butler, J. R. M. (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Destruction of the Axis Forces in Africa. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. IV (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: HMSO. ISBN 1-84574-068-8.
- Walker, Ronald (1967). Alam Halfa and Alamein. The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–1945. Wellington, NZ: Historical Publications Branch. OCLC 893102.
- Watson, Bruce Allen (2007) [1999]. Exit Rommel: The Tunisian Campaign, 1942–43. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole. ISBN 978-0-8117-3381-6.
- 1898 births
- 1944 deaths
- Royal Field Artillery officers
- British Army personnel of World War I
- British Army personnel killed in World War II
- Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
- Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
- Recipients of the Military Cross
- Royal Artillery officers
- Burials at Bayeux war cemetery
- Military personnel from Kent
- British Army brigadiers of World War II