Legionella

Legionella
Legionella sp. under UV light
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Pseudomonadota
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Legionellales
Family:	Legionellaceae
Genus:	Legionella Brenner et al. 1979
Species
Legionella adelaidensis Legionella anisa Legionella beliardensis Legionella birminghamensis Legionella bozemanae Legionella brunensis Legionella busanensis Legionella cardiaca Legionella cherrii Legionella cincinnatiensis Legionella clemsonensis Legionella donaldsonii Legionella drancourtii Legionella dresdenensis Legionella drozanskii Legionella dumoffii Legionella erythra Legionella fairfieldensis Legionella fallonii Legionella feeleii Legionella geestiana Legionella genomospecies 1 Legionella gormanii Legionella gratiana Legionella gresilensis Legionella hackeliae Legionella impletisoli Legionella israelensis Legionella jamestowniensis Candidatus Legionella jeonii Legionella jordanis Legionella lansingensis Legionella londiniensis Legionella longbeachae Legionella lytica Legionella maceachernii Legionella massiliensis Legionella micdadei Legionella monrovica Legionella moravica Legionella nagasakiensis Legionella nautarum Legionella norrlandica Legionella oakridgensis Legionella parisiensis Legionella pittsburghensis Legionella pneumophila Legionella quateirensis Legionella quinlivanii Legionella rowbothamii Legionella rubrilucens Legionella sainthelensi Legionella santicrucis Legionella shakespearei Legionella spiritensis Legionella steelei Legionella steigerwaltii Legionella saoudiensis Legionella taurinensis Legionella thermalis Legionella tucsonensis Legionella tunisiensis Legionella wadsworthii Legionella waltersii Legionella worsleiensis Legionella yabuuchiae

The genus Legionella is a pathogenic group of Gram-negative bacteria. It includes the species causing a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' disease, and a mild flu-like illness called Pontiac fever.

It may be seen with a silver stain. Legionella is common in many environments, including soil and aquatic systems, with at least 50 species and 70 strains identified.

The side-chains of the cell wall carry the bases responsible for the somatic antigen specificity of these organisms. The chemical composition of these side chains both with respect to components as well as arrangement of the different sugars determines the nature of the somatic or O antigen determinants, which are essential means of serologically classifying many Gram-negative bacteria.

Legionella got its name after a 1976 outbreak of a then-unknown "mystery disease" sickened. 221 people were infected, with 34 deaths. The outbreak was first noticed among people attending a convention of the American Legion—an association of U.S. military veterans.

On January 18, 1977, the cause was identified as a previously unknown bacterium later named Legionella.

Legionnaire's disease and Pontiac fever

Legionnaires' disease is a severe form of pneumonia—lung inflammation usually caused by infection. Legionnaires' disease is caused by a bacterium known as Legionella.

People can't catch Legionnaires' disease from person-to-person contact. Instead, most people get Legionnaires' disease from inhaling the bacteria. Older adults, smokers and people with weakened immune systems are particularly susceptible to Legionnaires' disease.

The Legionella bacterium also causes Pontiac fever, a milder illness resembling the flu. Separately or together, the two illnesses are sometimes called legionellosis. Pontiac fever usually clears on its own, but untreated Legionnaires' disease can be fatal. Although prompt treatment with antibiotics usually cures Legionnaires' disease, some people continue to experience problems after treatment.

Disinfectants help people to avoid catching it.