Maksim Unt
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Maksim Unt (also Maxim Unt and Maximilian Unt; 20 January 1898 in Pärnu, Estonia, then Russian Empire – 31 July 1941 in Moscow, Russia, then USSR) was an Estonian and Soviet politician.
Biography
[edit]During the Russian Civil War, Unt worked to establish bolshevik rule in Ukraine and Saratov. After being accused of looting and sentenced to death in absentia, he fled to the area occupied by the White Army under Anton Denikin, before returning to the newly independent Republic of Estonia in 1920.
Unt joined the Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party, aligning himself with the party's left wing. He was a member of parliament (IV Riigikogu) from 6 May 1931, replacing Eduard Kink. On 9 May 1931, he resigned and was replaced by Villem Tammai.[1] He was also elected a member of the V Riigikogu (1932–1934) and Riigivolikogu (Chamber of Deputies) of the VI Riigikogu (1938–1940).[2][3]
Prior to the Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940), Unt was appointed by Andrei Zhdanov, the Soviet emissary to Estonia, to organize pro-Stalinist demonstrations and strikes across the country, calling for the resignation of Prime Minister Jüri Uluots.[4] After the Soviet occupation, Unt was appointed as Minister of the Interior in Johannes Vares' cabinet on 21 June 1940.[5] After Vares' cabinet was replaced by the Council of People's Commissars of the Estonian SSR on 25 August 1940, he remained as People's Commissar of Labour.[5]
In May 1941, Unt's defection to the White Army during the Civil War was discovered. He was arrested on 22 May 1941 by Soviet authorities and dismissed from his position as People's Commissar of Labour on 28 May. He was sentenced to 8 years of forced labor by the Supreme Court of the USSR on 8 July, but was instead executed by gunshot by the NKVD at Kommunarka shooting ground in Moscow on 31 July.
Unt was rehabilitated by the USSR Prosecutor's Office on 3 December 1991.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ "IV Riigikogu: Juhatus ja liikmed". Riigikogu (in Estonian). Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ "V Riigikogu: Juhatus ja liikmed". Riigikogu (in Estonian). Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ "VI Riigikogu (Riigivolikogu ja Riiginõukogu): Juhatus ja liikmed". Riigikogu (in Estonian). Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ Perendi, Andres (2021). The Dominoes Rise. Official and unofficial foreign policies of Finland with regard to the restoration of independence of the Baltic states (PDF). University of Jyväskylä. pp. 39–40. ISBN 978-951-39-8840-1. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ a b Toomla, Jaan (1999). Valitud ja valitsenud: Eesti Parlamentaarsete ja muude esinduskogude ja valitsuste isikkoosseis aastail 1917–1999 (in Estonian). Tallinn: Estonian National Library. p. 433. ISBN 9985921720. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
- ^ "Унт Максим Иоганович". Memorial: Жертвы политического террора в СССР (in Russian). Retrieved 27 June 2021.
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- 1898 births
- 1941 deaths
- Politicians from Pärnu
- Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party politicians
- Communist Party of Estonia politicians
- Ministers of the interior of Estonia
- People's commissars and ministers of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
- Members of the Riigikogu, 1929–1932
- Members of the Riigikogu, 1932–1934
- Members of the Riigivolikogu
- Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1940–1947
- Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War
- Estonian people executed by the Soviet Union
- People executed by the Soviet Union by firearm
- Soviet rehabilitations
- Estonian politician stubs