Marguerite Boucicaut
Marguerite Boucicaut, née Guérin (born 3 January 1816 in Verjux, France; died 8 December 1887, Cannes) was a French businesswoman and benefactor. She participated in the creation and prosperity of the first department store, Au Bon Marché, in Paris alongside her husband Aristide Boucicaut. She became a philanthropist later in life.
Early life
[edit]Marguerite was raised by a single mother after her birth in Verjux, in Saône et Loire. Her mother died when Marguerite was thirteen, and Marguerite moved to Paris to work for a laundress on the Rue de Bac. Eventually, she built up her savings and opened a creamery. It was here that she met her future husband Aristide.[1]
Marguerite and Aristide began their relationship in 1836. In 1839, she had a son, but he died as an infant.[2]
The Bon Marché
[edit]In 1852, Aristide borrowed money to become the co-proprietor of the Bon Marché, before buying out his business partner in 1863. Upon Aristide's death in 1877, Marguerite continued to run the store, even expanding it.
The Boucicaut's treatment of their employees was novel for the time - a paternalistic relationship where the employees were given food, housing, entertainment, and education. In return, loyalty and adherence to a moral code (ironic given that the Boucicaut's relationship might have involved cohabitation before marriage).[2][3]
In 1880, Marguerite changed the company to a société en commandite, or a partnership with her top managers that continued the "family" nature of the Bon Marché even after her death.[3]
With no heirs, Marguerite willed her fortune to the employees of the Bon Marche and her social works, including a hospital and a home for unwed mothers.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ "Célébrations nationales 2002 - Naissance des grands magasins : le Bon Marché". www2.culture.gouv.fr. Retrieved 2020-05-12.
- ^ a b c Smith, Bonnie G. (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514890-9.
- ^ a b Colli, Andrea. "The History of Family Business 1850-2000" (PDF). Cambridge. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139164047.010. S2CID 156129926. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-02-27.
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