Napoleon

Napoleon I
The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries, ni Jacques-Louis David, 1812
Emperador han Franses
Paghadì	18 Mayo 1804 – 11 Abril 1814 20 Marso 1815 – 22 Hunyo 1815
Pagkoronar	2 Disyembre 1804
Nag-uná	Waray (iya kalugaringon komo Syahan nga Consul han Syahan nga Republika Fransesa; an kasanhi nga naghadi nga monarka hi Louis XVI)
Nagsunod	Louis XVIII (de jure han 1814)
Hadi han Italya
Paghadì	17 Marso 1805 – 11 Abril 1814
Pagkoronar	26 Mayo 1805
Nag-uná	Waray (iya kalugaringon komo Mangulo han Italyano nga Republika; an anay-nga-naghadi nga monarka hi Emperador Carlos V)
Nagsunod	Waray (ginbulag an ginhadi-an, an sunod nga hadì han Italya hi Victor Manuel II)
Natawo	15 Agosto 1769(1769-08-15) Ajaccio, Corsica, Fransya
Namatay	5 Mayo 1821 (edad 51) Longwood, Saint Helena
Paglubong	Les Invalides, Paris, Fransya
Inasaw-an	Joséphine de Beauharnais Marie Louise han Austria
Anak	Napoleon II
Bug-os nga ngaran Napoleon Bonaparte
Panimalay	Panimalay han Bonaparte
Amay	Carlo Buonaparte
Iroy	Letizia Ramolino
Relihiyon	Katolisismo Romano (kitaa Napoleon ngan mga relihiyon)
Pirma

Hi Napoléon Bonaparte (kaluwas ha Ininggles: /nəˈpoʊliən ˈboʊnəpɑːrt/; Frinanses: [napɔleɔ̃ bɔnapaʁt]; 15 Agosto 1769 – 5 Mayo 1821) usa nga Franses nga tawo ha estado ngan militar nga namuno nga inmabot hin pagkalabaw dida han Franses nga Rebolusyon ngan namuno hin pipira nga mga maglinamposon nga mga kampanya dida han Mga Gera han Franses nga Rebolusyon. Ha ngaran nga Napoleon, hiyá an Emperador han Franses tíkang 1804 kútob 1814, ngan hin utro hin madalî nga panahón didâ han 1815 (han Usá-ka-Gatós nga Adlaw). Nagdominar hi Napoleon han mga buruhatón ha Europa ngan ha kalibotan hin labaw hin usá ka dekada samtang namunò hiyá han Fransya patok hin mga serye hin mga katitírok hin nasod dida han mga Gera Napoleonon. Nagdaog hiya han kasagáran hiní nga mga gera ngan han dakò nga kadam'an han iya mga pag-awayan, ngan naghimò hiya hin dakò nga imperyo nga nagdumarà han kontinental nga Europa ugsa han kataposán nga kabungkag hiní han 1815. Usá hiyá han mga gimakariti nga mga komandante ha kaagi, an iyá mga gera ngan mga kampanya gin-aarám ha mga iskuylahan militar ha kalibotan. An ginbilin ni Napoleon ha polítika ngan kultura nagpabilin nga usa han mga ginsaúrog ngan kontrobersyal nga mga manguna han kaagi han kalibotan.

Natawo hi Napoleon ha Corsica hin maupay-upay hin kamutangan nga pamilya nga nagtikang han uruuubos nga nobilidad Italyano. Nagsisirbe hiyá nga opisyal ha artilyeriya han Franses nga army han pagtikang ha Rebolusyon Franses han 1789. Sinmaká hiyá hin madagmit ha mga ranggo han militar, nga diin nakuha niya in mga bag-o nga oportunidad nga ginpresenta han Rebolusyon ngan nagin heneral ha edad nga 24. An Direktoryo Franses ha urhe naghatag ha iya hin pagkakomandante han Army han Italya katapos niya malupig an rebelyon han 13 Vendémiaire patok han gobyerno tikang han mga royalist nga mga insurgent. Ha edad nga 26, nagtikang hiya han syahan nga kampanya militar patok han mga Austryano ngan an Italyano nga mga monarka nga ugop han mga Hapsburgo—nagdaog han tanan nga mga pag-awayan, naglupig han Italyano nga Rawis hin usá ka tuig samtang nagtutukod hin "mga bugto nga republika" upod hin suporta lokal, ngan pagin bayani-ha-gera han Fransya. Han 1798, namuno hiya hin expedisyon militar ha Ehipto nga nagsirbe nga paagi nga makakab-ot hin gahom ha politika. Nagplano hiya han kudeta han Nobyembre 1799 ngan nagin Syahan nga Konsul han Republika.

Mga pinanbasaran

Mga pag-aram han iya panginabuhì

• Abbott, John (2005). Life of Napoleon Bonaparte. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 1-4179-7063-4. 
• Barnett, Corelli. Bonaparte (1978) calls N 'a social misfit' who exploited France for his personal megalomaniac goals; and N's myth is exaggerated
• Blaufarb, Rafe (2007). Napoleon: Symbol for an Age, A Brief History with Documents. Bedford. ISBN 0-312-43110-4. https://archive.org/details/napoleonsymbolfo0000blau. 
• Chandler, David (2002). Napoleon. Leo Cooper. ISBN 0-85052-750-3. 
• Cronin, Vincent (1994). Napoleon. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-637521-9. https://archive.org/details/napoleon0000cron_y3x1. 
• Dwyer, Philip. Napoleon: The Path to Power (2008) excerpt vol 1; Citizen Emperor: Napoleon in Power (2013) excerpt and text search v 2; most recent scholarly biography
• Englund, Steven (2010). Napoleon: A Political Life. Scribner. ISBN 0674018036. 
• Johnson, Paul (2002). Napoleon: A life. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-670-03078-3. https://archive.org/details/napoleonpenguinl00unse. ; 200pp; quite hostile
• Lefebvre, Georges (1969). Napoleon from 18 Brumaire to Tilsit, 1799–1807. Columbia University Press. http://books.google.com/books?id=HwNoAAAAMAAJ.  influential wide-ranging history
  • Lefebvre, Georges (1969). Napoleon; from Tilsit to Waterloo, 1807–1815. Columbia University Press. http://books.google.com/books?id=mTwJAQAAIAAJ. 
• Markham, Felix (1963). Napoleon. Mentor. http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=10369968. ; 303pp; short biography by an Oxford scholar
• McLynn, Frank (1998). Napoleon. Pimlico. ISBN 0-7126-6247-2. ASIN Batakan:1x 0712662472. ; well-written popular history
• Roberts, Andrew. Napoleon: A Life (2014)
• Thompson, J.M. (1951). Napoleon Bonaparte: His Rise and Fall. Oxford U.P.. http://books.google.com/books?id=s2uTaPHPnZ8C. , 412pp; by an Oxford scholar
• Tulard, Jean. (1984) Napoleon: The Myth of the Saviour (1984), influential French interpretation

Mga pinaurog nga pag-aram

• Alder, Ken (2002). The Measure of All Things—The Seven-Year Odyssey and Hidden Error That Transformed the World. Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-1675-X. https://archive.org/details/measureofallthin00alde. 
• Alter, Peter (2006). T. C. W. Blanning and Hagen Schulze. ed. Unity and Diversity in European Culture c. 1800. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-726382-8. https://archive.org/details/unitydiversityin0000unse_f1p7. 
• Amini, Iradj (2000). Napoleon and Persia. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-934211-58-2. http://books.google.com/?id=n5IOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA12. 
• Archer, Christon I.; Ferris, John R.; Herwig, Holger H. (2002). World History of Warfare. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-4423-1. https://archive.org/details/worldhistoryofwa00arch. 
• Astarita, Tommaso (2005). Between Salt Water And Holy Water: A History Of Southern Italy. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-05864-6. https://archive.org/details/betweensaltwater00tomm. 
• Bell, David (2007). The First Total War. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0-618-34965-0. http://books.google.com/?id=Pw5jup_LyHAC&lpg=PA212. 
• Bergeron, Louis (1981). France Under Napoleon. Princeton U.P.. ISBN 0691007896. http://books.google.com/books?id=rqe1UU6OiIUC&pg=PR9. 
• Bordes, Philippe (2007). Jacques-Louis David. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-12346-9. 
• Boycott-Brown, Martin (2001). The Road to Rivoli: Napoleon's First Campaign. Cassell & Co. ISBN 0-304-35305-1. https://archive.org/details/roadtorivolinapo0000boyc. 
• Chandler, David (1973). The Campaigns of Napoleon. , the standard military history of N's battles
• Chesney, Charles (2006). Waterloo Lectures:A Study Of The Campaign Of 1815. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 1-4286-4988-3. 
• Connelly, Owen (2006). Blundering to Glory: Napoleon's Military Campaigns. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-7425-5318-3. https://archive.org/details/blunderingtoglor00conn_0. 
• Cordingly, David (2004). The Billy Ruffian: The Bellerophon and the Downfall of Napoleon. Bloomsbury. ISBN 1-58234-468-X. https://archive.org/details/billyruffianbell0000cord_l4d4. 
• Cullen, William (2008). Is Arsenic an Aphrodisiac?. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-363-2. https://archive.org/details/isarsenicaphrodi0000cull. 
• Driskel, Paul (1993). As Befits a Legend. Kent State University Press. ISBN 0-87338-484-9. https://archive.org/details/asbefitslegendbu0000dris. 
• Dunan, Marcel (1963). "Napoleon's height" (ha French). La Fondation Napoléon. Ginkuhà 11 Enero 2009.
• Flynn, George Q. (2001). Conscription and democracy: The Draft in France, Great Britain, and the United States. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-31912-X. 
• Fremont-Barnes, Gregory; Fisher, Todd (2004). The Napoleonic Wars: The Rise and Fall of an Empire. Osprey. ISBN 1-84176-831-6. https://archive.org/details/napoleonicwarsri0000frem. 
• Fulghum, Neil (2007). "Death Mask of Napoleon". University of North Carolina. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 22 Hunyo 2013. Ginkuhà 4 Agosto 2008.
• Gates, David (2001). The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81083-2. https://archive.org/details/spanishulcerhist0000gate_o1o7. 
• Gates, David (2003). The Napoleonic Wars, 1803–1815. Pimlico. ISBN 0-7126-0719-6. 
• Godechot, Jacques; Béatrice Fry Hyslop; David Lloyd Dowd (1971). The Napoleonic era in Europe. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. http://books.google.com/books?id=9rFmAAAAMAAJ. 
• Grab, Alexander. Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe (Macmillan, 2003), country by country analysis
• Hall, Stephen (2006). Size Matters. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0-618-47040-9. http://books.google.com/?id=FUaIGHxCIEwC&pg=PA181. 
• Harvey, Robert (2006). The War of Wars. Robinson. ISBN 978-1-84529-635-3. 
• Haythornthwaite, Philip J. (1995). Napoleon's Military Machine. Spellmount. ISBN 0870525492. 
• Hindmarsh, J. Thomas; Savory, John (2008). "The Death of Napoleon, Cancer or Arsenic?". Clinical Chemistry. American Association for Clinical Chemistry. 54 (12): 2092. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.117358. Ginkuhà 10 Oktubre 2010.
• Jackson, John (2004). Race, Racism, and Science. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-85109-448-2. https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791851094485. 
• Karsh, Inari (2001). Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East, 1789–1923. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-00541-4. http://books.google.com/?id=UBilaKRKkC&pg=PA11. 
• Lieven, Dominic. "Review article: Russia and the defeat of Napoleon." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History (2006)7#2 pp: 283-308.
• Lieven, Dominic (2009). Russia Against Napoleon: The Battle for Europe, 1807 to 1814. Allen Lane/The Penguin Press. pp. 617. [1] Ginhipos 5 Hunyo 2013 han Wayback Machine
• Lowndes, Marie Adelaide Belloc (1943). Where Love And Friendship Dwelt. Macmillan. OCLC 67554055. 
• Macaulay, Neill (1986). Dom Pedro: The Struggle for Liberty in Brazil and Portugal, 1798–1834. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-0681-6. https://archive.org/details/dompedrostruggle0000maca. 
• O'Connor, J; Robertson, E F (2003). "The history of measurement". St Andrew's University. Ginkuhà 18 Hulyo 2008.
• Outhwaite, William (2003). The Blackwell Dictionary of Modern Social Thought. Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-22164-6. 
• Poulos, Anthi (2000). "1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict". International Journal of Legal Information (vol 28 ed.).
• Roberts, Chris (2004). Heavy Words Lightly Thrown. Granta. ISBN 1-86207-765-7. http://books.google.com/?id=MdMZqhMzfpYC&pg=PR9. 
• Scheck, Raffael (2008). Germany, 1871–1945: A Concise History. Berg. ISBN 1-84520-817-X. https://archive.org/details/germany18711945c0000sche. 
• Schom, Alan (1997). Napoleon Bonaparte. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-017214-5. https://archive.org/details/napoleonbonapart00scho. 
• Schroeder, Paul W. (1996). The Transformation of European Politics 1763–1848. Oxford U.P.. pp. 177–560. ISBN 9780198206545. http://books.google.com/books?id=BS2z3iGPCigC.  advanced diplomatic history of Napoleon and his era
• Schwarzfuchs, Simon (1979). Napoleon, the Jews and the Sanhedrin. Routledge. ISBN 0-19-710023-6. https://archive.org/details/napoleonjewssanh0000schw. 
• Thomson, Kathleen (1969). "Balcombe, Alexander Beatson (1811–77)". Australian Dictionary of Biography Online. Ginkuhà 27 Mayo 2008.
• Wanniski, Jude (1998). The Way the World Works. Regnery Gateway. ISBN 0-89526-344-0. https://archive.org/details/wayworldworks0000wann. 
• Watson, William (2003). Tricolor and crescent. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-275-97470-7. http://books.google.com/?id=o4vrUbMK5eEC&pg=PA13. Ginkuhà 12 Hunyo 2009. 
• Wells, David (1992). The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Geometry. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-011813-6. 
• Wilkins, William (1972) [1944]. Napoleon's Submarine. New English Library. ISBN 0-450-01028-7. 
• Wilson, J (1975). "Dr. Archibald Arnott: Surgeon to the 20th Foot and Physician to Napoleon". British Medical Journal. 3 (vol.3): 293–5. doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5978.293. PMC 1674241. PMID 1097047.
• Wood, Philip (2007). The Law and Practice of International Finance Series. Sweet & Maxwell. ISBN 1-84703-210-9. 
• Woodward, Chris (Hulyo 2005). "Napoleon's Last Journey". History Today. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 25 Abril 2008. Ginkuhà 31 Hulyo 2012.

Historiograpiya ngan panhinumdom

• Arnold, E. A. "English Language Napoleonic Historiography, 1973–1998: Thoughts and Considerations". Proceedings-Western Society for French History, Vol. 26 (2000). pp. 283–294.
• Dunne, John. "Recent Napoleonic Historiography: 'Poor Relation' Makes Good?" French History (2004) 18#4 pp. 484–491.
• Dwyer, Philip. "Remembering and Forgetting in Contemporary France: Napoleon, Slavery, and the French History Wars," French Politics, Culture & Society (2008) 26#3 pp 110–122. online
• Geyl, Pieter (1982) [1947]. Napoleon For and Against. Penguin Books. http://www.questia.com/library/7932602/napoleon-for-and-against.  Ginhipos 2015-07-14 han Wayback Machine
• Hanson, Victor Davis (2003). "The Claremont Institute: The Little Tyrant, A review of Napoleon: A Penguin Life". The Claremont Institute.
• Hazareesingh, Sudhir. "Napoleonic Memory in Nineteenth-Century France: The Making of a Liberal Legend," MLN (2005) 120#4 pp 747–773 online
• Hazareesingh, Sudhir. The Legend of Napoleon (2005) excerpt and text search
• Nutting, Sinclair Holmes. "Napoleonic historiography" (MA Thesis, U. of Saskatchewan, 1950) citation Ginhipos 12 Disyembre 2013 han Wayback Machine; full text online free Ginhipos 12 Disyembre 2013 han Wayback Machine

Syahan nga pagkukuhaan

• Herold, J. Christopher, ed. Mind of Napoleon: A Selection of His Written and Spoken Words (1955), 322pp
• Thompson, J.M., ed. Napoleon's Letters (1954)

Mga sumpay ha gawas

• The Napoleonic Guide
• Napoleon Series
• International Napoleonic Society
• Napoléon Bonaparte (Character) at the Internet Movie Database
• Biography by the US Public Broadcasting Service
• The last years in St. Helena Ginhipos 6 Enero 2015 han Wayback Machine Illustrated chronology of Napoleon's captivity in St. Helena.
• Inside Longwood Ginhipos 7 Pebrero 2016 han Wayback Machine Descriptions of Longwood House, St. Helena, and other places in the island, as well as articles about Napoleon's captivity.
• Alan Schom Interview on his book Napoleon Bonaparte Ginhipos 23 Abril 2012 han Wayback Machine on Booknotes, 26 Oktubre 1997
• Memoirs of Napoleon at Project Gutenberg
• John Holland Rose. The Life of Napoleon I at Project Gutenberg
• John Gibson Lockhart. The History of Napoleon Buonaparte at Project Gutenberg
• William Milligan Sloane. The Life of Napoleon I. at Project Gutenberg Vol. 1/4
• William Milligan Sloane. The Life of Napoleon I. at Project Gutenberg Vol. 3/4