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PF-89

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Type 89 Individual Anti-tank Rocket
A dissected PF-89 rocket launcher (top) at the China People's Revolution Military Museum in Beijing.
TypeAnti-tank, anti-bunker
Place of originChina
Service history
In service1993–present
Used bySee Users
Production history
DesignerChina North Industries Group Corporation
Designed1980s
ManufacturerNorinco
Produced1989
Specifications
MassTotal: 3.7 kg (8.2 lb)
Length900 mm (2 ft 11 in)
Crew1 (single-use, disposable)

Cartridge80×900 mm rocket-assist grenade
Cartridge weight1.84 kg (4.1 lb)
Caliber80 mm (3.1 in)
ActionSingle-shot
Muzzle velocity147 m/s (480 ft/s)
Effective firing range100 m (330 ft) to 250 m (820 ft)
Maximum firing range400 m (1,300 ft)
SightsOptical 1x/2.5x (day sight)

The PF-89 or Type 89 is a portable, disposable, unguided, shoulder-launched, anti-tank rocket-propelled rocket launcher. Developed by Norinco for the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the PF-89 was designed to replace the obsolete Type 69 RPG, providing a man-portable, single-use assault weapon system that could be used mainly by infantry squads to engage and defeat light armor and bunkers.[1]

Its design permits accurate delivery of a rocket-propelled 80mm high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead, with negligible recoil. The PF-89 entered mass production in 1993, and generally replaced the Type 69 RPG in the PLA throughout the 1990s.[1] Since 2010, the system is being used along with the more advanced Type 08 recoilless gun.[2]

Description

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The PF-89 is a lightweight, self-contained, anti-armor weapon comparable to the Swedish AT4 (U.S. Designation M136). However, unlike the AT4, the PF-89 is a rocket-propelled weapon instead of a recoilless gun, which makes the PF-89 more similar to the M72 LAW and the RPG-26. The weapon consists of a free-flight, fin-stabilized, rocket-propelled cartridge packed in a one-piece, one-off, fiberglass-wrapped tube.[3]

It is man-portable and is fired from the right shoulder only. The launcher is watertight for ease of transportation and storage. The PF-89 has a simple 2.5x, 12° field of view optical sight for aiming, with no night combat ability.[4]

The user must be able to see and identify the target and estimate the range to it. The round of ammunition is self-contained in a disposable launch tube. The system weighs only eight pounds and can be used effectively with minimal training.[1]

The problem of back blast became prominent after the PF-89's adoption. Collateral damage is especially concerning for the PLA, which uses motorized infantry fighting tactics. To address this, China developed the Type 08 multipurpose recoilless gun with a countermass balance mechanism to replace the PF-89, especially the multipurpose PF89A variant.[2]

Variants

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The PF-89 has six variants with each variant corresponding to a specific type of ammunition. The earliest variant, simply called the PF-89, uses high-explosive double shaped charges (with 8701 explosives) to achieve 628mm of rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) penetration at 90° angle in static tests. In kinetic tests, the RHA penetration is more than 400mm at 0° angle or 180mm at 68° angle.[4][5]

The second variant, the PF-89A, employs specialized multipurpose incendiary rounds. These multipurpose rounds can penetrate 300 mm of reinforced concrete, and release steel fragments and zirconium-based incendiary composition to kill targets and light up wood and fabric upon impact.[1][4]

The third variant, known as the PF-89B or PF-89-1, uses tandem-charge HEAT warheads to improve penetration against reactive armour.[3][5]

The WPF-89-1 is the thermobaric version of the PF-89. The WPF-89-1 is reusable, but did not see much use due to its complex reload process. As a result, China developed the improved single-use WPF-89-2 in 2003.[6]

A training replica version is also available for operation practice.[3]

PF-89 variants
Designation PF-89 PF-89A PF-89B WPF-89-1[3] WPF-89-2
Ammo type High-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) Multipurpose incendiary HEAT tandem-charge Thermobaric HEAT/thermobaric tandem-charge
Cartridge diameter (mm) 80 80 80 80 80
Cartridge weight (kg) 1.84 2.35 2.5 >4 >4
Launcher weight (kg) 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85
Full mass (kg) 3.7 4.2 4.7 6.5 6.5
Length (mm) 900 900 900 900 900
Length w/o cover (mm) 880 880 880 880 880
Zeroing 200 m (660 ft) 180 m (590 ft) N/A N/A N/A
Sight range 400 m (1,300 ft) 1,000 m (3,300 ft) N/A 850 m (2,790 ft) 850 m (2,790 ft)
Penetration 628 mm/90°
>400 mm/0°
180 mm/65°
20 mm/65° Higher than PF-89 N/A N/A
Velocity 147 m/s (480 ft/s) 147 m/s (480 ft/s) 140 m/s (460 ft/s) 120 m/s (390 ft/s) 120 m/s (390 ft/s)

Users

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Non-state actors

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See also

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  • PF-98 – (China)
  • DZJ-08 – (China)
  • M72 LAW – (United States)
  • AT4 – (Sweden)
  • RPG-26 – (Soviet Union)
  • Kestrel – (Taiwan)

References

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  1. ^ a b c d "PF-89 Single use anti-tank rocket launcher". Military Today.
  2. ^ a b "DZJ-08". Military Today.
  3. ^ a b c d "成熟适用的PF89式80毫米系列单兵火箭筒". NetEase News (in Chinese). 24 July 2009. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011.
  4. ^ a b c "成熟适用的PF89式80毫米系列单兵火箭筒 (2)". NetEase News (in Chinese). 24 July 2009. Archived from the original on 30 June 2011.
  5. ^ a b "PF-89". Gun's World (in Chinese). 10 September 2004.
  6. ^ "WPF-89-1". Military Today.
  7. ^ https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/171425/SIPRIPP38.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  8. ^ "Saisie d'armes à El Oued: l'empreinte de Fadjr libya". menadefense.net. 11 March 2016.
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