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Paku pakis

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Ferns
Kalamangsa: Middle Devonian[1]—Present
Klasifikasi ngèlmiah e
Unrecognized taxon (fix): Polypodiopsida
Subclasses[2]
Sinonim
  • Monilophyta
  • Polypodiophyta
  • Filicophyta
  • Filices
Ferns

Temporal range: Middle Devonian[1]—Present
A fern unrolling a young frond
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida

Cronquist, Takht. & W.Zimm.
Subclasses[2]
Synonyms
  • Monilophyta
  • Polypodiophyta
  • Filicophyta
  • Filices

Paku pakis (Polypodiopsida utawa Polypodiophyta /ˌpɒliˌpɒdiˈɒfᵻtə, -oʊfaɪtə/ ) minangka anggota klompok tanduran pembuluh darah (tanduran kanthi xylem lan phloem ) sing ngasilake liwat spora lan ora duwe wiji utawa kembang . Dheweke beda karo lumut kanthi vaskular, yaiku duwe jaringan khusus sing nindakake banyu lan nutrisi lan duwe siklus urip sing sporofit minangka fase sing dominan. Pakis duwe godhong kompleks sing diarani megaphylls, sing luwih kompleks tinimbang mikropolis clubmosses . Umume pakis yaiku pakis leptosporangiate . Dheweke ngasilake rebabhead coiled sing ora ditutup lan ngembang dadi fronds . Klompok kasebut kalebu udakara 10.560 spesies sing isih ana. Pakis ditegesi ing kene kanthi wiyar, yaiku kabeh Polypodiopsida, sing kalebu leptosporangiate ( Polypodiidae ) lan pakis eusporangiate, klompok pungkasan kalebu kreteg utawa bantalan scouring, pakis kumis, pakis marattioid, lan pakis ophioglossoid .Ferns pisanan ditampilake ing cathetan fosil udakara 360 yuta taun kepungkur ing jaman Devonia pertengahan, nanging akeh kulawarga lan spesies saiki ora ditemokake nganti udakara 145 yuta taun kepungkur ing wiwitan jaman Kreta, sawise tanduran ngembang dadi dominasi akeh lingkungan. Pakis lempung Osmunda minangka conto stasis evolusi sing penting; Bukti paleontologis nuduhake manawa tetep ora owah, sanajan ing tingkat inti fosil lan kromosom, paling ora 180 yuta taun.


Bokong ora penting banget ing ekonomi, nanging ana sing digunakake kanggo panganan, obat-obatan, minangka bahan bakar hayati, minangka tanduran hias lan kanggo mbenahi lemah sing wis kontaminasi. Dheweke dadi subyek paneliten amarga kemampuane mbusak sawetara polusi kimia saka atmosfer. Sawetara spesies pakis, kayata bracken ( Pteridium aquilinum ) lan pakis banyu ( Azolla filiculoides ) minangka suket signifikan ing saindenging jagad. Sawetara generasi pakis, kayata Azolla, bisa ndandani nitrogen lan nggawe input penting kanggo nutrisi nitrogen saka sawah. Dheweke uga duwe peran tartamtu ing folklor.

Pakis ing Taman Botani Royal Melbourne
Pakis paku, bisa uga Dicksonia antarctica , tuwuh ing Nunniong, Australia

Galeri

[besut | besut sumber]

Cathetan

[besut | besut sumber]
  1. ↑ a b Stein et al 2007. Masalah sitiran: Tenger <ref> ora trep; jeneng "FOOTNOTEStein et al2007" diwedharaké ping bola-bali déné isiné béda
  2. ↑ a b Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group 2016. Masalah sitiran: Tenger <ref> ora trep; jeneng "FOOTNOTEPteridophyte Phylogeny Group2016" diwedharaké ping bola-bali déné isiné béda
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