Photobacterium phosphoreum

Photobacterium phosphoreum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Pseudomonadota
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Vibrionales
Family:	Vibrionaceae
Genus:	Photobacterium
Species:	P. phosphoreum
Binomial name
	Photobacterium phosphoreum; (Cohn 1878) Beijerinck 1889 (Approved Lists 1980)
Synonyms
	Vibrio phosphoreum;

Photobacterium phosphoreum is a Gram-negative, bioluminescent bacterium living in symbiosis with deep-sea marine organisms, such as anglerfish.^[1] It can emit bluish-green light (490 nm) due to a chemical reaction between FMN, luciferin and molecular oxygen catalysed by an enzyme called luciferase.

Ecology

P. phosphoreum appears to be distributed worldwide in oceans and is found in a variety of different marine habitats.^[1] It was first isolated in 1878 from seawater, but has also been reported from the surfaces of fish and other marine animals, the intestines of fish, coastal seawater, and from a state of bioluminescent symbiosis with fish. P. phosphoreum colonizes a wide variety of deep-sea fishes which generally occur in the mesopelagic and bentho-pelagic zones.^[1]

As a bioindicator

P. phosphoreum is the most frequently used luminescent bacterium in water quality assessment.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Ast, Jennifer C.; Dunlap, Paul V. (1 July 2005). "Phylogenetic resolution and habitat specificity of members of the Photobacterium phosphoreum species group". Environmental Microbiology. 7 (10): 1641–1654. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00859.x. ISSN 1462-2912.
^ Wang, Xinghao; Qu, Ruijuan; Wei, Zhongbo; Yang, Xi; Wang, Zunyao (June 2014). "Effect of water quality on mercury toxicity to Photobacterium phosphoreum: Model development and its application in natural waters". Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 104: 231–238. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.029.

External links

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[:0-1] Ast, Jennifer C.; Dunlap, Paul V. (1 July 2005). "Phylogenetic resolution and habitat specificity of members of the Photobacterium phosphoreum species group". Environmental Microbiology. 7 (10): 1641–1654. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00859.x. ISSN 1462-2912.

[2] Wang, Xinghao; Qu, Ruijuan; Wei, Zhongbo; Yang, Xi; Wang, Zunyao (June 2014). "Effect of water quality on mercury toxicity to Photobacterium phosphoreum: Model development and its application in natural waters". Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 104: 231–238. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.029.

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