President of Indonesia
| President of the Republic of Indonesia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Style | Mr./Madam President (Bapak/Ibu Presiden) (informal) His/Her Excellency (international correspondence) |
| Appointer | Elections in Indonesia |
| Term length | Five years, renewable once (amended constitution) |
| Inaugural holder | Sukarno |
| Formation | 1945 |
| Website | English site: [1] Indonesian site: [2] |
The President of the Indonesia Republic is the head of state of Indonesia. The current President is Prabowo Subianto.
Presidents
[change | change source]| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | Vice president(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Election | Time in office | ||||||
| 1 | 
|
Sukarno (1901–1970) |
18 August 1945 | 12 March 1967[1] | 1945 | 21 years, 206 days | Independent | 1 | Mohammad Hatta |
| Vacant (1 December 1956 – 12 March 1967) | |||||||||
| Declared Indonesia's independence from colonial powers. Presided during the Indonesian National Revolution and the first national elections. One of the founding fathers of the Non-Aligned Movement and hosted the 1955 Bandung Conference. Called for a 'Guided Democracy' following the collapse of 10 governments during the 1950s, with Nasakom as the principle ideology. Acceded Western New Guinea. Opposed the formation of Malaysia and began Konfrontasi. Signed the Supersemar in 1966, following the assassination of 6 generals. Relieved from power in 1967. | |||||||||
| During this interval, Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army Suharto was the acting president. | |||||||||
| 2 | 
|
Suharto (1921–2008) |
27 March 1968 | 23 March 1973 | 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 |
30 years, 55 days | Golkar[a] | Vacant | |
| 23 March 1973 | 11 March 1978 | 2 | Hamengkubuwono IX | ||||||
| 11 March 1978 | 11 March 1983 | 3 | Adam Malik | ||||||
| 11 March 1983 | 11 March 1988 | 4 | Umar Wirahadikusumah | ||||||
| 11 March 1988 | 11 March 1993 | 5 | Sudharmono | ||||||
| 11 March 1993 | 11 March 1998 | 6 | Try Sutrisno | ||||||
| 11 March 1998 | 21 May 1998 | 7 | B. J. Habibie | ||||||
| The first president from a military background. The longest serving president with an over 30-year tenure. Seized power from Sukarno through Supersemar in 1966. Declared a New Order military dictatorship. Dismantled the Communist Party of Indonesia and oversaw the mass murder and imprisonment of thousands of suspected communists throughout the archipelago. Ended Konfrontasi and initiated friendly relationships with neighbouring countries of Malaysia and Singapore, and Indonesia became a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Severed ties with China and other communist countries in the region. Annexed East Timor. Incorporated Western New Guinea into Indonesia. Oversaw great economic and infrastructural development, but rampant corruption within the bureaucracy and government. Resigned following the collapse of the Indonesian economy during the 1997 Asian financial crisis and the 1998 riots. | |||||||||
| 3 | 
|
B. J. Habibie (1936–2019) |
21 May 1998 | 20 October 1999 | — | 1 year, 152 days | Golkar | Vacant | |
| First, and to date the only, president (aside from acting presidents) who was born outside of Java. First vice president to become president. Took power following Suharto's resignation. Oversaw Indonesia's democratic transition. East Timor declared independence from Indonesia. Released thousands of political prisoners. Decided not to run for a full term. | |||||||||
| 4 | 
|
Abdurrahman Wahid (1940–2009) |
20 October 1999 | 23 July 2001 | 1999 | 1 year, 276 days | National Awakening Party | Vacant (20–21 October 1999) | |
| 8 | Megawati Sukarnoputri | ||||||||
| First executive branch officer (president and vice president) to have come from a religious background. Head of Nahdlatul Ulama and grandson of its founder. Term embroiled by a number of scandals and corruption cases. Abolished all remaining legal discrimination against Chinese Indonesians. Attempts to reform the military and remove its political power were not taken kindly by military actors. Attempted to dissolve parliament, but was himself impeached and removed from office by the parliament. | |||||||||
| 5 | 
|
Megawati Sukarnoputri (born 1947) |
23 July 2001 | 20 October 2004 | — | 3 years, 89 days | Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle | Vacant (23–26 July 2001) | |
| 9 | Hamzah Haz | ||||||||
| First female president of Indonesia and the first to be born after the proclamation of independence in 1945. Oldest daughter and second child of President Sukarno, first president born to another president. First female vice president and the only vice president to be born post-1945 (until 20 October 2024). Came to power following the removal of Abdurrahman Wahid. Presided during a period of economic growth. Bali was attacked by a major bombing in 2002 by Jemaah Islamiyah. Lost the reelection bid to her former coordinating minister twice. | |||||||||
| 6 | .jpg?lang=simple)
|
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born 1949) |
20 October 2004 | 20 October 2009 | 2004 2009 |
10 years | Democratic Party | 10 | Jusuf Kalla |
| 20 October 2009 | 20 October 2014 | 11 | Boediono | ||||||
| The first president to be directly elected by popular vote. The second president from a military background. Parts of Sumatra were devastated by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. Jemaah Islamiyah was severely weakened following efforts by Detachment 88. Indonesia was classified as part of MINT and became a member of the G20 during his presidency. Elected to a second term in 2009. Indonesia formed the Bali Democracy Forum and became a founding member of the Open Government Partnership. He presided over consistent economic growth. During his second term, the Democratic Party was embroiled by many corruption scandals. | |||||||||
| 7 | 
|
Joko Widodo (born 1961) |
20 October 2014 | 20 October 2019 | 2014 2019 |
10 years | Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle | 12 (10) | Jusuf Kalla |
| 20 October 2019 | 20 October 2024 | Ma'ruf Amin | |||||||
| 13 | |||||||||
| The first president not to have emerged from the country's political elite or to have been an army general.[2] First president to have been a regional politician (mayor for about 7 years, governor for nearly 2 years) and the first to be born after the recognition of independence in December 1949. Initiated the process to move the capital of Indonesia from Jakarta to Nusantara. Elected to a second term in 2019. | |||||||||
| 8 | 
|
Prabowo Subianto (born 1951) |
20 October 2024 | 2024 | 26 days | Great Indonesia Movement Party | 14 | Gibran Rakabuming Raka | |
| A retired general who was a former leader of the Special Forces Command (Kopassus) and Army Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad). Lost twice against his predecessor in 2014 and 2019, but was appointed as Minister of Defense in 2019. Prabowo's 96 million votes were the highest received by any candidate in a democratic election in Indonesia, surpassing Joko Widodo's 85.6 million votes won in 2019. He will be the first president with a younger predecessor, the oldest president to be sworn-in for a first term (73 years old), and the first divorcee to become president, as well as president with the least amount of child. He will also be the third president from a military background. | |||||||||
Notes
[change | change source]References
[change | change source]- ↑ Sukarno transferred key presidential powers to Suharto on 11 March 1966 in a vaguely worded letter of authority known as Supersemar and surrendered his powers on 20 February 1967 but he was not formally relieved of his presidential title by the provisional parliament until 12 March 1967.
- ↑ Cochrane, Joe (22 July 2014). "A Child of the Slum Rises as President of Indonesia". The New York Times.
