Talk:Opioid epidemic in the United States

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Race Demographic Content

The sources supporting certain portions of this section are outdated. Some of the information comes from 2014. There has also been a significant amount of research done recently on the disproportionate impact that the opioid epidemic has on Black and Native American Communities. I believe that it is worth making a few edited to this section and also adding some more recent sources that I have compiled from various academic sources. Justice Junky (talk) 21:00, 7 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Assuming this is your first account, I would strongly suggest putting your ideas here on the talk page first. This is a fairly contentious topic, and introducing new information on race is likely to be controversial, so it is best to give others the opportunity to look at your sources and proposed changes ahead of time, simply to prevent drama. Dennis Brown - 2¢ 09:48, 8 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]
Thank you for the advice. I have been researching this topic for the past 6 months and I have finally put together a few paragraphs that I would like to add to the Race Demographic portion of this page. I do not want to change anything that is already there I would just like to add some updated information that I have found. I typed everything out in my sandbox, and I would like to share it here for your input before I add it to the page. I would appreciate any and all feedback as I am doing this for educational purposes in a class that I am taking.

Though previous statistics show that non-Hispanic White Americans have been affected by the opioid epidemic more than other racial/ethnic groups in the United States, recent statistics show that non-Hispanic Black Americans are experiencing a sharper increase in opioid-overdose deaths. ^[1] The annual percentage change of opioid overdose deaths among Black Americans increased to 26.16 from 2012 to 2018 while White Americans only experienced an 18.96 increase from 2013-2016 and even had an annual percentage change decrease to 5.07 from 2016 to 2018. ^[1] The challenges that non-Hispanic Black Americans face have a disparate impact on the rates of opioid-overdose related deaths when compared to non-Hispanic White Americans who have not dealt with the challenges of structural racism. ^[2] Recent research has linked the rise in opioid-overdose deaths among Black Americans to the lack of safety, security, stability, and survival in their communities. ^[3] Those missing pieces in these communities can be linked to a host of things including exposure to structural racism, lack of access to resources, and widespread mistrust in the healthcare system. ^[3]^[2]

Structural racism continues to have a lasting impact on predominantly Black communities in the United States. ^[3] Racial segregation is one of the main forms of structural racism that has been linked to the increase in opioid-overdose related deaths among non-Hispanic Black Americans. ^[2] Racial segregation does not only impact access to social and economic resources. ^[4] It also has an impact on public health and disrupts access to health care. ^[4] The impact that racial segregation has health care spills over to the access of substance use services. ^[4] This leads to Black Americans having a more difficult time when seeking treatment for opioid use. ^[4] Structural racism has also led to the consistent misdirection of funds and the over-funding of criminal legal systems within predominantly non-Hispanic Black communities. ^[3] Instead of funding being used to improve substance abuse treatment and prevention, funds have been used to criminalize drugs and impose harsh penalties on Black community members. ^[3] The policies put in place years ago have led to stereotyping and fear within Black communities that prevents Black Americans from seeking substance abuse treatment.^[5] In America there are continual concerns regarding racial biases against non-Hispanic Black Americans when it comes to drug enforcement. Black Americas have historically been more criminalized for opioid related offenses, and despite calls for change there are still lasting impacts of this today.^[1]

Recent studies have shown a real need for equality when it comes to opioid abuse treatment and prevention.^[1] Medication-assisted treatments like buprenorphine have been proven to help treat substance use. ^[4] The facilities that offer this treatment tend to be in communities with predominantly non-Hispanic White populations and they are rarely seen in predominantly non-Hispanic Black communities despite their proven effectiveness.^[4] The national focus being on prescription of opioids for pain management is a leading cause for non-Hispanic Black Americans receiving unequal treatment opportunities.^[2] Data has shown that this is not the main issue in every city/state, which shows the need for a more local data driven approach to opioid abuse intervention.^[2] Justice Junky (talk) 20:17, 11 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Furr‐Holden, Debra; Milam, Adam J.; Wang, Ling; Sadler, Richard (2021-03). "African Americans now outpace whites in opioid‐involved overdose deaths: a comparison of temporal trends from 1999 to 2018". Addiction. 116 (3): 677–683. doi:10.1111/add.15233. ISSN 0965-2140. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Rushovich, Tamara; Arwady, M. Allison; Salisbury-Afshar, Elizabeth; Arunkumar, Ponni; Aks, Steven; Prachand, Nikhil (2022-02-01). "Opioid-related overdose deaths by race and neighborhood economic hardship in Chicago". Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse. 21 (1): 22–35. doi:10.1080/15332640.2019.1704335. ISSN 1533-2640.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Banks, Devin E.; Duello, Alex; Paschke, Maria E.; Grigsby, Sheila R.; Winograd, Rachel P. (2023-01-13). "Identifying drivers of increasing opioid overdose deaths among black individuals: a qualitative model drawing on experience of peers and community health workers". Harm Reduction Journal. 20 (1): 5. doi:10.1186/s12954-023-00734-9. ISSN 1477-7517. PMC 9839206. PMID 36639769.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f DiNardi, Michael; Swann, William L.; Kim, Serena Y. (2022-12). "Racial/ethnic residential segregation and the availability of opioid and substance use treatment facilities in US counties, 2009–2019". SSM - Population Health. 20: 101289. doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101289. ISSN 2352-8273. PMC 9706616. PMID 36457346. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
^ "The Opioid Crisis and the Black/African American Population: An Urgent Issue" (PDF). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administation. April 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

Wiki Education assignment: Race in America, sec 1

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 10 January 2024 and 24 April 2024. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Saltier LLama (article contribs). Peer reviewers: MClass31671.

— Assignment last updated by PurplePhoneLaptop (talk) 15:27, 3 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]

”First wave” section is not based on the references

I found the following sentences in "First wave" section seem irrelevant to the references. Especially, underlined parts seem original research. The second reference is about pharmacies in the UK and is totally irrelevant to the US. Would anyone address them?

In addition, medical organizations began to push for more attentive physician responses to pain, referring to pain as the "fifth vital sign." This was coupled with the promotion of opioids by pharmaceutical companies who insisted that patients could not become addicted. Opioids became an acceptable treatment for a wide variety of conditions, leading to a consistent increase in opioid prescriptions. From 1990 to 1999, the total number of opioid prescriptions grew from 76 million to approximately 116 million, making them the most prescribed class of medications in the United States. -- Opioid epidemic in the United States (this version)

References:

"America's Addiction to Opioids: Heroin and Prescription Drug Abuse". archives.drugabuse.gov. 2014-05-14. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved 2020-04-20.
"Number of prescriptions dispensed by community pharmacies tops one billion for first time". The Pharmaceutical Journal. 2017. doi:10.1211/pj.2017.20203926. ISSN 2053-6186.

チャボ(Chabo) (talk) 09:54, 30 July 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Semi-protected edit request on 27 August 2024

This edit request has been answered. Set the |answered= or |ans= parameter to no to reactivate your request.

change "More than 64,000 Americans died from drug overdoses last year [2016], according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention." to "An estimated 107,543 Americans died from drug overdoses in 2023, down 3% from an estimate of 111,029 in 2022, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."

also change source link 65 (original: http://www.chron.com/news/medical/article/Opioid-epidemic-shares-chilling-similarities-with-12313820.php

and archived: https://web.archive.org/web/20171107022338/http://www.chron.com/news/medical/article/Opioid-epidemic-shares-chilling-similarities-with-12313820.php)

to (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/nchs_press_releases/2024/20240515.htm), and (https://web.archive.org/web/20240826023741/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/nchs_press_releases/2024/20240515.htm) respectively. 2001:579:80E4:D10:99D3:75E:E3C:78E (talk) 18:40, 27 August 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Not done: The page's protection level has changed since this request was placed. You should now be able to edit the page yourself. If you still seem to be unable to, please reopen the request with further details. MadGuy7023 (talk) 17:39, 3 September 2024 (UTC)[reply]

[:3-1] Furr‐Holden, Debra; Milam, Adam J.; Wang, Ling; Sadler, Richard (2021-03). "African Americans now outpace whites in opioid‐involved overdose deaths: a comparison of temporal trends from 1999 to 2018". Addiction. 116 (3): 677–683. doi:10.1111/add.15233. ISSN 0965-2140. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[:0-2] Rushovich, Tamara; Arwady, M. Allison; Salisbury-Afshar, Elizabeth; Arunkumar, Ponni; Aks, Steven; Prachand, Nikhil (2022-02-01). "Opioid-related overdose deaths by race and neighborhood economic hardship in Chicago". Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse. 21 (1): 22–35. doi:10.1080/15332640.2019.1704335. ISSN 1533-2640.

[:1-3] Banks, Devin E.; Duello, Alex; Paschke, Maria E.; Grigsby, Sheila R.; Winograd, Rachel P. (2023-01-13). "Identifying drivers of increasing opioid overdose deaths among black individuals: a qualitative model drawing on experience of peers and community health workers". Harm Reduction Journal. 20 (1): 5. doi:10.1186/s12954-023-00734-9. ISSN 1477-7517. PMC 9839206. PMID 36639769.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[:2-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f DiNardi, Michael; Swann, William L.; Kim, Serena Y. (2022-12). "Racial/ethnic residential segregation and the availability of opioid and substance use treatment facilities in US counties, 2009–2019". SSM - Population Health. 20: 101289. doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101289. ISSN 2352-8273. PMC 9706616. PMID 36457346. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link)

[5] "The Opioid Crisis and the Black/African American Population: An Urgent Issue" (PDF). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administation. April 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

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