Thorium

Thorium is a chemical element in actinide group. It is a weakly radioactive metal. It has a shiny, silvery white color. It has the chemical symbol Th and the atomic number 90. Natural thorium has an atomic weight of 232. Thorium is named after Thor, the Norse god of thunder. Its ores are found in nature (that is, on Earth), especially in India, the United States, and Australia.

Thorium would make a good source of nuclear fuel because it makes much less waste and is four times as common as uranium. It does not need the wasteful process of enrichment. It makes 3,200,000 times as much energy as coal and 200 times as much energy as uranium. Scientists believe that there is enough of it to power the world for thousands of years. Thorium has been used for various purposes since the 19th century. It is an alloying agent in magnesium and is also used as an industrial catalyst.

Thorium is safer than uranium. This is because thorium cannot undergo nuclear fission on its own. Usually, plutonium is need to start and maintain a reaction. This is why thorium is considered better for nuclear reactors. Also, nuclear waste from thorium reactors contains far smaller amounts of dangerous transuranic elements than waste from uranium reactors.^[1]

Estimates of Thorium that can be mined

Estimates of mineral resources have been made about how much Thorium is available to be mined from different countries,


Country	Total thorium resources, tonnes	Remarks
India	[800,000 or] 846,477	^[2]
Brazil	[600,000 or] 632,000	^[3]
Australia	[500,000 or] 595,000	^[4]
United States of America	[500,000 or] 595,000	^[5]
Turkey	381,000	Historical data^[6]
Egypt	380,000	Historical data^[7]
Venezuela	300,000	Historical data^[8]
Canada	[ 170,000 or] 172,000	^[9]
Russia	[ 150,000 or] 155,000	^[10]^[11]