Tulsidas
| Tulsidas | |
|---|---|
 Ilustracija Tulsidasa objavljena u Ramcharitmanasu, izdanju Sri Ganga Publishersa 1949. | |
| Puno ime | Rambola Dubey |
| Rođenje | 1543. Soron, Uttar Pradesh |
| Smrt | 1623. Varanasi |
| Teme | hinduizam |
| Supruga | Ratnavali |
| Portal o životopisima | |
Rambola Dubey (Soron, Uttar Pradesh, 1543.[a] – Varanasi, 1623.),[2] poznat kao Tulsidas, bio je vaišnavski svetac i pjesnik, poznat po svojoj predanosti bogu Rami. Napisao je nekoliko poznatih sanskrtskih, avadiskih i brađbaških djela, no najpoznatiji je po djelu Hanuman Chalisa te epu Ramcharitmanas, prepjevu Ramajane na jeziku awadhi.
Većinu svog života Tulsidas je proveo u Banarasu (danas Varanasi) i Ayodhyji.[3] Ghat Tulsi na Gangesu u Varanasiju nazvan je po njemu.[4] Tulsidas je osnovao hram Sankat Mochan Hanuman u Varanasiju, za koji se vjeruje da je izgrađen na mjestu gdje je Hanuman uočen.[5] Također je započeo tradiciju Ramlila, pučkih izvedbi Ramajane.[6]
Proglašen je jednim od najboljih pjesnika indijske, hindske i svjetske književnosti.[7][8][9][10] Njegov se golem utjecaj na suvremenu umjetnost Indije očituje u vernakularu, Ramlilama, klasičnoj glazbi Hindustana, popularnoj glazbi i televizijskim serijama.[6][11][12][13][14][15]
- ↑ Lochtefeld, James G. 2001. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z. Rosen Publishing Group. New York City. str. 558–559. ISBN 9780823931804.
- ↑ Tulsidas | Ramcharitmanas, Hinduism, Bhakti | Britannica. www.britannica.com (engleski). Pristupljeno 14. rujna 2024.
- ↑ Prasad 2008., str. 857: »Although he paid occasional visits to several places of pilgrimage associated with Rama, his permanent residence was in Kashi.«
- ↑ de Bruyn, Pippa; Bain, Dr. Keith; Allardice, David; Joshi, Shonar. 2010. Frommer's India. John Wiley and Sons. Hoboken, New Jersey, United States of America. str. 471. ISBN 9780470602645
- ↑ Callewaert, Winand M.; Schilder, Robert. 2000. Banaras: Vision of a Living Ancient Tradition. Hemkunt Press. New Delhi, India. str. 90. ISBN 9788170103028
- ↑ a b Handoo 1964., str. 128: »... this book ... is also a drama, because Goswami Tulasidasa started his Ram Lila on the basis of this book, which even now is performed in the same manner everywhere.«
- ↑ Prasad 2008., str. xii: He is not only the supreme poet, but the unofficial poet-laureate of India.
- ↑ Prasad 2008., str. xix: Of Tulasidasa's place among the major Indian poets there can be no question: he is as sublime as Valmiki and as elegant as Kalidasa in his handling of the theme.
- ↑ Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. 2007. Encyclopedia of Hinduism (Encyclopedia of World Religions) Hardbound, Illustrated izdanje. Infobase Publishing. New York City, United States of America. str. 456. ISBN 9780816054589.
It can be said without reservation that Tulsidas is the greatest poet to write in the Hindi language. Tulsidas was a Brahmin by birth and was believed to be a reincarnation of the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana, Valmikha singh.
- ↑ Sahni, Bhisham. 2000. Nilu, Nilima, Nilofara (hindski). Rajkamal Prakashan Pvt Ltd. New Delhi, India. str. 78–80. ISBN 9788171789603
- ↑ Lutgendorf 1991., str. 11: ... – scores of lines from the Rāmcaritmānas have entered folk speech as proverbs – ...
- ↑ Mitra, Swati. 5. svibnja 2002. Good Earth Varanasi City Guide. Eicher Goodearth Publications. New Delhi, India. str. 216. ISBN 9788187780045
- ↑ Subramanian, Vadakaymadam Krishnier. 2008. Hymns of Tulsidas. Abhinav Publications. New Delhi, India. str. 181. ISBN 9788170174967.
Famous classical singers like Paluskar, Anoop Jalota and MS Subbulakshmi have popularised Tulsidas's hymns among the people of India.
- ↑ Lutgendorf 1991., str. 411: The hottest-selling recording in the thriving cassette stalls of Banaras in 1984... was a boxed set of eight cassettes comprising an abridged version of the Manas sung by the popular film singer Mukesh... it is impossible to say how many of the sets were sold, but by 1984 their impact was both visible and audible. One could scarcely attend a public or private religious function in Banaras that year without hearing, over the obligatory loudspeaker system, the familiar strains of Murli Manohar Svarup's orchestration and Mukesh's mellifluous chanting.
- ↑ Lutgendorf 1991., str. 411–412: On 25 January 1987, a new program premiered on India's government-run television network, Doordarshan... it was the first time that television was used to present a serialized adaption of a religious epic. The chosen work was the Ramayan and the major source for the screenplay was the Manas. Long before the airing of the main story concluded on 31 July 1988, the Ramayan had become the most popular program ever shown on Indian television, drawing an estimated one hundred million viewers and generating unprecedented advertising revenues. Throughout much of the country, activities came to a halt on Sunday mornings and streets and bazaars took on a deserted look, as people gathered before their own and neighbors' TV sets.... The phenomenal impact of the Ramayan serial merits closer examination than it can be given here, but it is clear that the production and the response it engendered once again dramatized the role of the epic as a principal medium not only for individual and collective religious experience but also for public discourse and social and cultural reflection.
- Prasad, Ram Chandra. 2008. Tulasidasa's Shri Ramacharitamanasa: The Holy Lake Of The Acts Of Rama. Motilal Banarsidass. Delhi. ISBN 9788120804432
- Handoo, Chandra Kumari. 1964. Tulasidasa: Poet, Saint and Philosopherof thr Sixteenth Century. Orient Longmans. Bombay, Maharashtra.
- Lutgendorf, Philip. 1991. The Life of a Text: Performing the 'Ramcaritmanas' of Tulsidas. University of California Press. Berkeley, California.