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Bundu

Main article: Bundu State

A small state in present-day Senegal in which Muslim Fulas took control from 1698 to 1905. It was founded by Malick Sy who was once part of another fulani country, Imamate of Futa Toro . Buntu began after Malick Sy made numerous visits to Southern Galam, while he was in search for a new territory to settle his family in. There had already been inhabitants in this country, the Fadube, who were the original owners. When Malick Sy moved in there had been rumors spread that the Fadube lived in holes and had tails; Whenever Malick Sy would preach they would "come out of their holes and allow their tails to be cut off" This implies that Malick Sy's people didn't see the Fadube as humans or deserving of the land they lived on. Also the rumor could be connected to Islam with the tail cutting alluding to circumcision. Malick Sy signed a treaty that he would be allowed to conquer the Fadube and they would convert to Islam if Malick Sy could protect them. There is also speculation that the Fadube were targets for jihadists.

Futa Jallon

Main article: Imamate of Futa Jallon

The Futa Jallon, located mainly in present-day Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Senegal, and Sierra Leone, was a major state which included 13 provinces, with a written constitution and had two Alimamy (rulers) from the 2 main parties: the Soriya and the Alphaya. The Futa Jallon state was born in 1727 when Fulani Muslims decided to rise against the non-Muslim Fulanis and Djalonkes rulers to create a confederation of provinces. During the 1830's The French in Senegal took interest in trading with the Futa Jallon because the French that were occupying Senegal wanted to monopolize surrounding trade areas. Karamokho Alfa was selected as the first Alimamy (Ruler) in 1725 at the capital Timbo in present-day Guinea. In 1881, The French wanted to form a treaty with the Futa Jallon which would establish France's rights to the territory. This treaty was rejected and the Alimamy began to support the other African resistances as a way to oppose the French. They gave supplies to Samori Ture, who in turn gave them gold, rubber and slaves. Tensions continued to grew between the Futa Jallon's and the French, until 1893 when the French forced Samori to retreat towards the Ivory Coast which removed the common frontier between the Futa Jallon and Samori. In an continuing effort to try and thwart the French, The Futa Jallon turned to the British that were in nearby Sierra Leone because they were aware of the rivilary between the British and the French. In 1895, the relations that the Futa Jallon and the British had ended and The Futa Jallon state lasted until 1898 when the French colonial troops defeated the last Alimamy Bokar Biro Barry, dismantled the state and integrated it into their new colony of Rivières du Sud, which became Guinea.

Futa Toro

Main article: Imamate of Futa Toro

The Toucouleur people are a group that have been furthering the idea of Islam throughout western Africa. The Torodbe people were considered to be clerics of Islam and they acted as promoters of Islam. There was a reform in which the Torodbe people were trying to absorb nearby trips into Islam but at the same time were crimalizing the acts of slavery other Arabs were doing. One of it's members Malick Sy went on to form his own Imamate of Bundu. Under the unifying banner of Islam, the Muslim Fulas revolted against the non-Muslim Fulani of the Denianke Kingdom in 1776 under the leadership of Sileymaani Baal. The following Islamic revolution created the new kingdom of Futa Toro under a government called the Almamate (a term derived from the Pulaar borrowing of the Arabic al-imaam). Before formal colonization this state was weakened by French incursions and the effort by El Hadj Umar Tall to carry his "jihad" eastward (see also Toucouleur Empire, below).