User:Nafsadh/SandBN
| Voicing → | aghoṣa (voiceless) | ghoṣa (voiced) | aghoṣa | ghoṣa | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspiration → | alpaprāṇa | mahāprāṇa | alpaprāṇa | mahāprāṇa | alpaprāṇa | mahāprāṇa | ||||||||||
| sparśa (plosive) |
anunāsika (nasal) |
antastha (approximant) |
ūṣma/shiṣ (fricative) | |||||||||||||
| bargīẏa barna | ||||||||||||||||
| kaṇṭhya [nc 1] (guttural) |
ক | ka /k/ |
খ | kha /kʰ/ |
গ | ga /g/ |
ঘ | gha /ɡʰ/ |
ঙ | uṅa /ŋ/ |
হ | ha /ɦ/ | ||||
| tālabya (palatal) [nc 2] |
চ | ca /tʃ/ |
ছ | cha /tʃʰ/ |
জ | ja /dʒ/ |
ঝ | jha /dʒʰ/ |
ঞ | ñiya /n/ |
য | antastha ja /dʒ/,/dz/[nc 3] |
শ | tālabya śa /ʃ/[nc 4] | ||
| mūrdhanya [nc 5] (retroflex) |
ট | ṭa /ʈ/ |
ঠ | ṭha /ʈʰ/ |
ড | ḍa /ɖ/ |
ঢ | ḍha /ɖʰ/ |
ণ | mūrdhanya ṇa /n/[nc 6] |
র | ra /r/ |
ষ | mūrdhanya ṣa /ʂ/[nc 4] | ||
| dantya (dental) |
ত | ta /t̪/ |
থ | tha /t̪ʰ/ |
দ | da /d̪/ |
ধ | dha /d̪ʰ/ |
ন | dantya na /n/ |
ল | la /l/ |
স | dantya sa /s/[nc 4] | ||
| oṣṭhya (Labial) |
প | pa /p/ |
ফ | pha /pʰ/[nc 7] |
ব | ba /b/ |
ভ | bha /bʰ/ |
ম | ma /m/ |
ব | antastha ba /w, ʋ/ |
||||
| Other letters | ড় | ḍaẏ bindu ṛa /ɽ/ |
ঢ় | ḍhaẏ bindu ṛha /ɽʱ/ |
য় | antastha ẏa /e̯/ |
ৎ | khaṇḍa ta /t̪/ |
|---|
| পরাশ্রয়ী Modifier |
ং | anuswar /ŋ/ |
ঃ | bisarga /h/ |
ঁ | candrabindu /◌̃/ |
|---|
Notes
[edit]- ^ Though, in modern Bengali letters ক, খ, গ, ঘ, ঙ are actually jihbāmūlīẏa (velar) and হ is actually glottal, texts still describe with original Sanskrit name kaṇṭhya.
- ^ Tālabya letters phonetically represent palatoalveolar sounds.
- ^ Originally antastha ja (য) represented voiced palatal approximant /j/. But in modern Bengali it transformed into two different sounds, voiced palato-alveolar affricate /dʒ/ (similar to জ) and semivowel /e̯/. When reforming, Bidyasagar introduced antastha ẏa (য়) to represent /e̯/ and reserved য for /dʒ/. In words য now pronounced similarly as জ /dʒ/ and sometimes in dialects as voiced alveolar sibilant affricate /dz/.
- ^ a b c In Bengali there are three letters for sibilants: শ, ষ, স. Originally all three had distinctive sounds. In modern Bengali, most common sibilant is /ʃ/ - originally represented by শ, but today স and ষ in words are often pronounced as /ʃ/. Other sibilant in Bengali is /s/ - originally represented by স, but today শ and ষ in words can sometimes be pronounced as /s/. Another, now extinct, sibilant was /ʂ/ - originally represented by ষ but can rarely be found today; ষ is mostly pronounced as /ʃ/ but in conjunction with other mūrdhanya letters, original /ʂ/ sound can sometimes be found.
- ^ In modern text often pashcāt dantyamūlīẏa is used to describe mūrdhanya letters more precisely.
- ^ Original sound for ণ was /ɳ/ but in modern Bengali it is almost always pronounced /n/ same as ন; except for in ligatures with other mūrdhanya letters, original sound can be found
- ^ In some regional dialects of Bengali, ফ phamight be pronounced as f /ɸ/