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Later three kingdoms

Background

In the 9th and 10th century, Silla was shaken by problems arising from its reliance on the "bone rank system", a rigid class system under which only those from an aristocratic background could be appointed to high office. The system was being abused as a means for the ruling royal family to dominate politically and this caused much unrest in the latter days of Silla. The local gentry called hojok (hangul:호족, hanja: 豪族), i.e. prominent local clan, strengthened their power during this chaotic period by assembling armies of their own and independently centralizing their forces. Dissention deepened within the nobility after the death of King Hyegong as contention over the royal succession intensified and power struggles were constant among the hojok. Not only was the political atmosphere in a shambles, the financial state of Silla was dire. Taxation was difficult without the nobles' cooperation. As a result, the tax burden fell heavily on the peasants and farmers, who consequently revolted in 889, the third year of Queen Jinseong's reign. Numerous revolts and uprisings occurred during the following 100 years, breaking Silla down

Later Baekjae(HuBaekjae)

Foundation

It was founded by Gyeon Hwon 1 in 892 and was established by King Taejo Wang Geon of Goryeo in 936, and was established by King Taejo of Goryeo for 2 to 45 years. Silla fell into confusion at the time of the reign of King Hadae due to the luxury of the nobles, corruption and the succession of the throne. Furthermore, the failure of Queen JinSeong and the continued famine have made life more difficult for the people. Nevertheless, as Silla's central government pressed for taxation, a nationwide rebellion broke out.In this atmosphere, Gyeon Hwon led the group to occupy Mujin-ju and declared to the people that he would solve the grudge of King Uija in 1989. After Gungye founded the kingdom, Goguryeo and Silla formed a third kingdom to compete for supremacy

National leader

As he grew older, he had better body hair than any other soldiers, and went to Gyeongju to become a champion on the southwestern coast. At that time, the authority of the Silla king's chamber was reduced, and the region was occupied by the Hojo people, forming an anti-impercent force. In particular, when Queen Jinsin was crowned, political discipline was undermined by the tyranny of some of the gods who were favored by the king, and the famine caused the hopes of the people and the uprising of the early stage. The attack on the southwestern Juhyeon (interstate) of Gyeongju was met by many people. Finally, in 892 (the sixth year of King Jinsin's reign), he conquered Mujin-ju and ascended to the throne by himself.  In 900 A.D., he went to Wansan-ju, where he established a capital and called it King Hubakje, and he appointed all government offices and government offices. The following year, they attacked the Daeyeon Fortress, but failed to capture it. In his anger over Wang Geon's invasion of Naju in 910 (the 14th year of King Hyeonseong's reign), he surrounded and attacked 3,000 men, but failed to win. After Wang Geon defeated Gungye and founded Goryeo, he dispatched Ilgil Chan to celebrate Wang Geon's accession to the throne. But in fact, Goryeo and Hubaekje were fighting for power at this time. It took the army to the site of Jinyeongseong in 922 (King Gyeongmyeong 4) with 10,000 people. In response, King Gyeongmyeong of Silla dispatched Kim Yool to Goryeo to ask for help. In 924 (Dear King 1), Gan Hwon sent his son Sumigang to attack the castle, but the soldiers of Seongjeong could not protect it.

Development& Expansion

Gyeon Hwon rose against Silla. First, he established the reign of King Seokcheon and Dochan of Silla, and then gradually moved north to Junju. In particular, until former times, Gyeon Hwon had claimed to be merely a local official of Silla, but he established his own regime by officially naming the king of Baekje after the relocation of Jeonju. Although it is not clear whether the government or government offices were reorganized, it seems that the government has managed the Shilla administration as it was. This is in stark contrast to the fact that Taebong, which was founded by Gungye, had its own government and government

Gyeon Hwon focused on expanding the local paper after the relocation of Jeonju in 900 A.D. Gan Hwon's local paper boat was largely divided into three regions, with different aspects. First of all, the southwestern coastal area of the southwestern coast, which is the basis of the early power of Gan Hwon and the sea route of China, was initially disconnected from the control of the Gyeon Hwon regime and was related to Wang Geon of the Gungye regime. Thus, until the establishment of Goryeo in 918, he focused mainly on the pursuit of Naju and the southwestern tidal wave.

Cultural heritage

Gumsansa which is All the records before the Japanese Invasion of Korea were destroyed and private documents were created, citing the Samguk Yusa and the Three Kingdoms Magi, and the construction of Geumsansa Temple was made in 599 (King of Baekje, King 1) So far, Jinpo (王 表) has been reconstructed over four years from the year 762 (the 21st year of King Gyeongdeok of Silla) to the year 766 (the second year of King Hyegong of Silla)

Later Goguryeo(HuGoguryeo)

Foundation

It was founded in 901 by Gungye and remained for 18 years until it was destroyed by Wang Geon in 918. During the reign of King Jinsung, Silla's national power declined rapidly and its control was weakened. When the finances were weakened, taxes were pressed, leading to a rebellion. At this time, Gungye set up a new kingdom of later Goguryeo in the name of Goguryeo's revival, and later changed the name to Taebong. Taebong was later destroyed by Wang Geon and subsequently established as Goryeo. In modern times, Taebong is sometimes referred to as the Later Goguryeo

National leader

Gung Ye was a Buddhist monk who joined the political uprisings and became a prominent general of rebel troops. He is believed to come from a royal or noble background. Some historians theorize that he was descended from Go Anseung, a member of the Goguryeo royal family, who was given the "Kim" royal surname of Silla. Gung Ye conquered many territories including Myeongju (Korean: 명주; Hanja: 溟州), and with the support of many regional leaders, including general Wang Geon, founded Later Goguryeo in the northern regions in 901. The northern regions, including Songak (modern Kaesong), were the strongholds of Goguryeo refugees, and Wang Geon's hometown of Songak was established as the capital. In 904, the name of the kingdom was changed to Majin; in 905, the capital was moved to Cheorwon; and in 911, the name was changed to Taebong.

Development& Expansion

In the late eighth century, the power struggle between the central nobility grew fierce as national discipline became slack in Silla. As control over the provinces weakened, the countryside grew into a powerful group with military power, economic power, and new ideas. The nobles, who had secured economic and military power, fought for the throne. Local forces continued to grow in this confusion. And some nobles who felt problems with the hierarchy began to join forces with local forces. Gungye was one of the local forces that grew up in the late Silla Dynasty.

Silla's power was weakened by these local forces as it entered the 10th century, resulting in new countries appearing. Gungye became a subordinate of Yanggil in 892 and gained his trust and attacked various parts of Gangwon Province. For many years, he increased his power and occupied the Imjin River area, and laid his own foundation. In 898, he entered Songak County and founded the foundation of self-reliance.

Around this time, Wang Geon came under Gongye's command. He was given the official title of Cheorwon Taesu, took his land against Yanggil of Bukhwon, and named himself a king in 901 years, calling the name " Goryeo. " It moved its capital to Cheorwon in 905 and changed its national name to Taebong in 911. With Cheorwon at the center, Gungye occupied most of the Gangwon, Gyeonggi and Yellow Sea and parts of the Chungcheong provinces, creating a greater power than the Hubaekje and Silla. Taebong continued to invade the northern part of Silla. At the same time, it took Naju by forcing Wang Geon to lead the army and invade Hubaekje from the West Sea.

Cultural heritage

Gungye was originally a Buddhist monk, and even after taking power, he lived in Buddhist style. Seokdeungnong (석등롱, 石燈籠, Stone lantern) that he left behind or the event that hosted the Palgwanhoe (팔관회, 八關會) also affected Goryeo. As most of the area is currently located near the DMZ in Cheorwon County, it is difficult to investigate due to the special situation of division.

Wang geon's coup

The influence of the nobles was reduced by Gongye's checks and popular policy. In 918, four of Gongye's aides discussed and appointed Wang Geon as the king and launched a coup. While fleeing to Gangneung, he met Wang Geon-geon's attack army and lost and killed himself. Goryeosa says he was beaten to death. Legend has it that he lost the battle and killed himself. In other places, Gungye reportedly tried to strengthen the royal authority against the nobles, but was expelled for failure.

Silla

In 672, Silla unified the three kingdoms by winning the war against the Tang Dynasty. It became the first country to unify its territory on the Korean Peninsula. After accepting the people of Goguryeo and Baekje and winning the war against the Tang Dynasty, they achieved true unification of the three kingdoms. Later, he worked hard to bring Baekje and Goguryeo's people into Silla by organizing internal policies, and during the mid- Silla Dynasty, he gained a powerful national power. However, as he entered the latter phase of the Silla Dynasty, his national power began to weaken due to many social chaos.

Decline of Silla

King Sindeok, King Gyeongmyeong, and King Myung-eup reigned for 15 years (912 to 927) in their third generations. During this time, Silla was unable to control local forces. During this confusing period, Gyeon Hwon's Hubaekje and Gungye's Later Goguryeo appeared. After killing Gungye, Wang Geon founded Goryeo.

King Taejo of Goryeo, who had defeated Gongye of Goguryeo, presented an aggressive friendship policy toward Silla. His friendly policies toward Silla were useful in conversing the Silla people. In fact, King Taejo dispatched Goryeo troops to the Silla kingdom to help Silla and fight back with Later Baekjae(HuBaekjae) army when Hubakje attacked Silla. As a result, King Gyeongsun's voluntary surrender was easily accepted to conquer Silla.

Unification of the later three kingdoms

Although Later Baekje started out as the front runner in national strength thanks to its fertile plains and diplomatic ties with China, Later Goguryeo soon became the largest force in the new three kingdom era as it quickly expanded its territory to almost three quarters of the peninsula under Gung Ye and the general Wang Geon. As time passed however, Gung Ye started to call himself the Maitreya Buddha and resort to despotism, causing him to be overthrown by Wang Geon in 918. Wang Geon established a new dynasty called Goryeo and moved the capital to Song-ak (hangul:송악, hanja:松嶽) the following year, creating the new troika of Goryeo, Baekje and Silla.

The three kingdoms were in a constant power struggle, although by this time Silla had weakened to a despondent state and did not pose much of a threat to the other two nations. Later Baekje led with an offensive approach but Wang Geon of Goryeo placed more importance on diplomatic ties, which endeared his kingdom to Silla. The conflict between Later Baekje and Goryeo was constant near Silla territory, as both countries wanted to wield their power over the region. Later Baekje led by attacking Gyeongju, the capital of Silla, in 927 and crushing the Goryeo army. Goryeo retaliated by winning the battle of Gochang in 930 and reclaiming the territory of Ungjin in 934.

In 935, King Gyeongsun of a very weakened Silla surrendered to Goryeo. During this time, inner power struggles within Hubaekje weaken a country already fatigued from warfare. Gyeon Hwon named his youngest son Geumgang as heir, but his other sons (by a previous wife) joined forces and rebelled, placing Gyeon Hwon's eldest son Singeom on the throne and confining Gyeon Hwon to Geumsan Temple. Gyeon Hwon later escaped to Goryeo and joined forces with Wang Geon's army to attack the very country he founded. Later Baekje fell to Goryeo in 936 and the peninsula was reunified.

See also

• List of Korea-related topics
• Silla
• Baekje
• Taebong
• Hubaekje
• Later Sabeol
• Gyeon Hwon / Gung Ye / Wanggeon