V Corps (Grande Armée)
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| V Corps | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1805–1807 1812–1814 |
| Country |  First French Empire |
| Branch | French Imperial Army |
| Size | Corps |
| Engagements | War of the Third Coalition War of the Fourth Coalition Russian campaign War of the Sixth Coalition |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Jean-Baptiste Drouet Jean Lannes Jacques Lauriston François Joseph Lefebvre André Masséna Édouard Mortier Józef Poniatowski Anne Jean Marie René Savary |
The V Corps of the Grande Armée was a French military unit that existed during the Napoleonic Wars. The corps was originally formed in 1805 and was reorganized several times until it was dissolved in 1814.
History
[edit]From 1805–1807, the corps composed mostly of French troops, and was commanded by Marshals Jean Lannes, Édouard Mortier, François Joseph Lefebvre, and André Masséna as well as Général de Division Anne Jean Marie René Savary.
Polish Corps d'Armée
[edit]In 1812, the V Corps was made up entirely of Polish soldiers from the Duchy of Warsaw under the command of General Józef Poniatowski. It was one of several non-French corps of the Grande Armée and at its peak consisted of around 36,000 soldiers. The corps took part in Napoleon's invasion of Russia and fought in the Battle of Smolensk and the Battle of Borodino.[1]
The corps suffered heavy casualties during the retreat, but managed to reach Warsaw and was later reinforced with new recruits. In 1813, the corps was sent to Saxony, passing Bohemia. The corps was temporary disbanded with the remaining troops and Poniatowski reassigned to the VIII Corps.
Revival
[edit]After the disastrous Russian campaign, the V Corps was rebuilt in Magdeburg from newly formed French units in the spring of 1813. These troops were under the command of General Jacques Lauriston. Participating in the War of the Sixth Coalition the corps was disbanded again after Napoleon's abdication.
Organization
[edit]The V Corps varied in strength and organization. In the beginning of each campaign it had:
- 14,000 French in 1805
- 18,000 French in 1806–1807
- 36,000 Polish in 1812
- 20,000 French in 1813
1805
[edit]- Infantry Division – General Louis-Gabriel Suchet
- Combined Grenadier Division – General Nicolas Oudinot[2]
- 1st Brigade under Général de Brigade Mortièret
- 2éme Régiment d'Infanterie de Ligne
- 9éme Régiment d'Infanterie de Ligne
- 11éme Régiment d'Infanterie de Ligne
- 58éme Régiment d'Infanterie de Ligne
- 81éme Régiment d'Infanterie de Ligne
- 2nd Brigade
- 2éme Régiment Légère
- 3éme Régiment Légère
- 28éme Régiment Légère
- 31éme Régiment Légère
- 3rd Brigade
- 12éme Régiment Légère
- 15éme Régiment Légère
- 1st Brigade under Général de Brigade Mortièret
- Light Cavalry Division – General Anne-François-Charles Trelliard, then Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle
1806–1807
[edit]- Infantry Division – General Louis-Gabriel Suchet
- Infantry Division – General Gazan
- Light Cavalry Division – General Trelliard
1812
[edit]- 16th Infantry Division – General Józef Zajączek, then Izydor Krasinski and Franciszek Paszkowski
- 17th Infantry Division – General Jan Henryk Dąbrowski
- 18th Infantry Division – General Ludwik Kamieniecki, then Karol Kniaziewicz
- Cavalry Division – General Michal Ignacy Kamieński
1813
[edit]- 16th Infantry Division – General Nicolas Joseph Maison
- 17th Infantry Division – General Jacques-Pierre-Louis Puthod
- 19th Infantry Division – General Marie Joseph Rochembeau
References
[edit]- ^ Badone, Jean Cerino; et al. "Battle of Borodino, 1812 – Armies. "French and Russian Orders of Battle"". Retrieved 2007-08-16.
- ^ George Nafziger, Oudinot's Grenadier Advanced Guard Division 8 September 1805, United States Army Combined Arms Center.
Sources
[edit]- Rapp, Jean, comte (1823). Memoirs of General Count Rapp, first aide-de-camp to Napoleon. London, UK: Rapp family.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Town notes of Strasbourg
- Letters of Napoleon
- Couderc Napoléon, ses dernières armées page 504 Bis, situation V Corps on 26 April 1815