Yuezhi
| Yuezhi/Rouzhi | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||||||
| Migracije Yuezhija kroz Srednju Aziju od 176. pne. do 30. n.e. | |||||||||
| Ukupna populacija | |||||||||
|
Nekih 100.000 do 200.000 strijelaca-konjanika, prema Shijiu, gl. 123.[1] The Hanshu Chapter 96A records: 100,000 households, 400,000 people with 100,000 people able to bear arms.[2] | |||||||||
| Regioni sa značajnim brojem pripadnika | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Jezik/ci | |||||||||
| nepoznati, iako postoji epigrafija u rasponu od grčkog do baktrijskog, a često se smatra da su govorili toharski.[4] | |||||||||
| Religija | |||||||||
| Iranska božanstva (Nana), budizam, zoroastrizam, hinduizam |
|
Ovaj članak sadrži kineski tekst. Bez pravilne podrške za renderiranje, možete vidjeti upitnike, kvadrate i druge simbole umjesto kineskih znakova. |
Yuezhi ili Rouzhi (kineski: 月支, pinyin: yuè zhī ili ròu zhī; također 月氏, pinyin: yuè shì ili ròu shì; starokineski: Tokwar),[5] također poznati kaoDa Yuezhi ili Da Rouzhi (kineski: 大月支, dà yuè zhī ili dà ròu zhī, "Veliki Yuezhi") su bili drevni centralnoazijski narod.
Većina učenjaka vjeruje kako su bili Indoevropljani[6] odnosno srodni, a možda i istovjetni Toharima[7] (Τοχάριοι) koji se spominju u klasičnim izvorima.[8] Prvotno su naseljavali suhe stepe područja Tarimske zavale u današnjem Xinjiangu i zapadnom Gansuu u Kini, prije nego što su migrirali u Transoksijanu, Baktriju a na kraju i na sjever Indijskog podkontinenta gdje se vjeruje da su imali ulogu u stvaranju Kušanskog Carstva.
- ↑ Watson, Burton. Trans. 1993. Records of the Grand Historian of China: Han Dynasty II. Translated from the Shiji of Sima Qian. Chapter 123: "The Account of Dayuan," Columbia University Press. Revised Edition. ISBN 0-231-08166-9; ISBN 0-231-08167-7 (pbk.), p. 234.
- ↑ Hulsewé, A.F.P. and Loewe, M.A.N. China in Central Asia: The Early Stage: 125 B.C.-A.D. 23: An Annotated Translation of Chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty. Leiden. E. J. Birll. 1979. ISBN 90-04-05884-2, pp. 119-120.
- ↑ Watson, Burton. Trans. 1993. Records of the Grand Historian of China: Han Dynasty II. Translated from the Shiji of Sima Qian. Chapter 123: "The Account of Dayuan," Columbia University Press. Revised Edition. ISBN 0-231-08166-9; ISBN 0-231-08167-7 (pbk.), p. 234.
- ↑ Mallory, J.P. and Victor H. Mair,The Tarim Mummies. Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. Thames & Hudson, London 2000. ISBN 0-500-05101-1, pp. 280-284,
- ↑ Beckwith (2009) See page 5, footnote #16, as well as pages 380-383 in appendix B.
- ↑ "They are, by almost unanimous opinion, Indo-Europeans, probably the most oriental of those who occupied the steppes." Roux, p.90
- ↑ Mallory (2006), p. 35
- ↑ "According to some, they were the Tocharians, "Tokharoi", of Classical Antiquity", Roux, p.90
- Mallory, James (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indoeuropean and the Proto-Indoeuropean world, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0199296685
- Beckwith, Christopher. (2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13589-2.
- Dorn'eich, Chris M. (2008). Chinese sources on the History of the Niusi-Wusi-Asi(oi)-Rishi(ka)-Arsi-Arshi-Ruzhi and their Kueishuang-Kushan Dynasty. Shiji 110/Hanshu 94A: The Xiongnu: Synopsis of Chinese original Text and several Western Translations with Extant Annotations. Berlin. To read or download go to: [1]
- Hill, John E. 2003. The Peoples of the West from the Weilüe 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢: A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE. Draft annotated English translation. [2]
- Hill, John E. (2009) Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE. John E. Hill. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1.
- Liu, Xinru: Migration and Settlement of the Yuezhi-Kushan. Interaction and Interdependence of Nomadic and Sedentary Societies in: Journal of World History, 12 (No. 2) 2001, p. 261-292. See [3]
- "Records of the Great Historian, Han Dynasty II", Sima Qian, translated by Burton Watson, Revised edition (1993) Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-08167-7
- RICKET,W.A.(1998) Guanzi -Political, Economic, and Philosophic Essays from Early China. Vol.II. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. J. P. Mallory and Victor H. Mair. Thames & Hudson. London. (2000), ISBN 0-500-05101-1
- Roux, Jean-Paul, L'Asie Centrale, Histoire et Civilization (French), Fayard, 1997, ISBN 978-2-213-59894-9
- The Western Regions according to the Hou Hanshu, trans. John Hill
- Linguistic analysis of the connection between Yuezhi and Kushan
- Overview of Xiongnu history and their wars with the Yuezhi
- Craig Benjamin on Yuezhi migrations
- Kasim Abdullaev on Yuezhi migrations in Central Asia
- Lokesh Chandra on Yuezhi translators
- Yuezhi Sapadbizes coins*
- On-line Version of the Guanzi. Arhivirano 2007-05-04 na Wayback Machine-u
- Downloadable article: "Evidence that a West-East admixed population lived in the Tarim Basin as early as the early Bronze Age" Li et al. BMC Biology 2010, 8:15. [4]