Óscar á mellor curtametraxe de acción en vivo
O Oscar á mellor curtametraxe de acción en vivo (Academy Award for Live Action Short Film) é un premio entregado pola Academia das Artes e das Ciencias Cinematográficas como parte dos premios Oscar. Entrégase dende a 5ª edición dos Óscar. A Academia define curtametraxe como un filme de "non máis de corenta minutos, incluíndo todos os créditos".[1]
Entre 1932 e 1935 a categoría estaba dividida en"Mellor curtametraxe, comedia" ("Best Short Subject, comedy") e "Mellor curtametraxe, novidade" ("Best Short Subject, novelty"). Dende 1936 ata 1956 estaba dividida en "Mellor curtametraxe, un rolo" ("Best Short Subject, One-reel") e "Mellor curtametraxe, dous rolos" ("Best Short Subject, Two-reel"), ademais de "Mellor curtametraxe, cor" ("Best Short Subject, color"), que se entregou aos filmes de 1936 e 1937. Dende 1957 a 1970 chamouse "Curtametraxe, acción en vivo" ("Short Subjects, Live Action Subjects") e ata 1973 foi "Curtametraxe, filmes de acción en vivo" ("Short Subjects, Live Action Films"). Desde 1974 recibe o nome actual.
1930
[editar | editar a fonte]- 1932 (5ª)
- (Comedia) The Music Box — Hal Roach
- The Loud Mouth — Mack Sennett
- Scratch-As-Catch-Can — RKO Radio
Stout Hearts and Willing Hands — RKO Radio(descualificado)[2]
- (Novidade) Wrestling Swordfish — Mack Sennett
- (Comedia) The Music Box — Hal Roach
- 1933 (6ª)
- (Comedia) So This Is Harris! — Lou Brock
- Mister Mugg — Warren Doane
- A Preferred List — Lou Brock
- (Novidade) Krakatoa — Joe Rock
- Menu — Pete Smith
- The Sea — Education
- (Comedia) So This Is Harris! — Lou Brock
- 1934 (7ª)
- (Comedia) La Cucaracha — Kenneth Macgowan
- (Novidade) City of Wax — Horace Woodard, Stacy Woodard
- Bosom Friends — Skibo Productions
- Strikes and Spares — Pete Smith
- 1935 (8ª)
- (Comedia) How to Sleep — Jack Chertok
- (Novidade) Wings Over Everest — Gaumont British e Skibo Productions
- 1936 (9ª)
- (Cor) Give Me Liberty — Warner Bros.
- La Fiesta de Santa Barbara — Lewis Lewyn
- Popular Science J-6-2 — Paramount
- (Un rolo) Bored of Education — Hal Roach
- (Dous rolos) The Public Pays — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
- (Cor) Give Me Liberty — Warner Bros.
- 1937 (10ª)
- (Cor) Penny Wisdom — Pete Smith
- (Un rolo) The Private Life of the Gannets — Skibo Productions
- (Dous rolos) Torture Money — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
- 1938 (11ª)
- 1939 (12ª)
1940
[editar | editar a fonte]- 1940 (13ª)
- 1941 (14ª)
- (Un rolo) Of Pups and Puzzles — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
- (Dous rolos) Main Street on the March! — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
- 1942 (15ª)
- 1943 (16ª)
- (Un rolo) Amphibious Fighters — Grantland Rice
- (Dous rolos) Heavenly Music — Jerry Bresler, Sam Coslow
- 1944 (17ª)
- (Un rolo) Who's Who in Animal Land — Jerry Fairbanks
- (Dous rolos) I Won't Play — Gordon Hollingshead
- 1945 (18ª)
- (Un rolo) Stairway to Light — Herbert Moulton, Jerry Bresler
- Along the Rainbow Trail — Edmund Reek
- Screen Snapshots' 25th Anniversary — Ralph Staub
- Story of a Dog — Gordon Hollingshead
- White Rhapsody — Grantland Rice
- Your National Gallery — Joseph O'Brien e Thomas Mead
- (Dous rolos) Star in the Night — Gordon Hollingshead
- (Un rolo) Stairway to Light — Herbert Moulton, Jerry Bresler
- 1946 (19ª)
- (Un rolo) Facing Your Danger — Gordon Hollingshead
- Dive-Hi Champs — Jack Eaton
- Golden Horses — Edmund Reek
- Smart as a Fox — Gordon Hollingshead
- Sure Cures — Pete Smith
- (Dous rolos) A Boy and His Dog — Gordon Hollingshead
- (Un rolo) Facing Your Danger — Gordon Hollingshead
- 1947 (20ª)
- (Un rolo) Good-Bye Miss Turlock — Herbert Moulton
- (Dous rolos) Climbing the Matterhorn — Irving Allen
- 1948 (21ª)
- (Un rolo) Symphony of a City — Edmund H. Reek
- (Dous rolos) Seal Island — Walt Disney
- 1949 (22ª)
- (Un rolo) Aquatic House Party — Jack Eaton
- (Dous rolos) Van Gogh — Gaston Diehl, Robert Haessens
1950
[editar | editar a fonte]- 1950 (23ª)
- (Un rolo) Grandad of Races — Gordon Hollingshead
- Blaze Busters — Robert Youngson
- Wrong Way Butch — Pete Smith
- (Dous rolos) In Beaver Valley — Walt Disney
- (Un rolo) Grandad of Races — Gordon Hollingshead
- 1951 (24ª)
- (Un rolo) World of Kids — Robert Youngson
- (Dous rolos) Nature's Half Acre — Walt Disney
- 1952 (25ª)
- (Un rolo) Light in the Window: The Art of Vermeer — Boris Vermont
- (Dous rolos) Water Birds — Walt Disney
- 1953 (26ª)
- (Un rolo) The Merry Wives of Windsor Overture — Johnny Green
- Christ among the Primitives — Vincenzo Lucci-Chiarissi
- Herring Hunt — National Film Board of Canada
- Joy of Living — Boris Vermont
- Wee Water Wonders — Jack Eaton
- (Dous rolos) Bear Country — Walt Disney
- (Un rolo) The Merry Wives of Windsor Overture — Johnny Green
- 1954 (27ª)
- 1955 (28ª)
- (Un rolo) Survival City — Edmund Reek
- (Dous rolos) The Face of Lincoln — Wilbur T. Blume
- 1956 (29ª)
- 1957 (30ª) The Wetback Hound — Walt Disney Productions — Larry Lansburgh
- A Chairy Tale — National Film Board of Canada — Norman McLaren
- City of Gold — National Film Board of Canada — Tom Daly
- Foothold on Antarctica — World Wide Pictures — James Carr
- Portugal — Walt Disney Productions — Ben Sharpsteen
- 1958 (31ª) Grand Canyon — Walt Disney Productions — Walt Disney
- Journey Into Spring — British Transport Films — Ian Ferguson
- The Kiss — John Patrick Hayes
- Snows of Aorangi — New Zealand Screen Board
- T Is for Tumbleweed — James A. Lebenthal
- 1959 (32ª) Histoire d’un poisson rouge — Jacques-Yves Cousteau
- Between the Tides — British Transport Films — Ian Ferguson
- Mysteries of the Deep — Walt Disney Productions — Walt Disney
- The Running, Jumping and Standing-Still Film — Peter Sellers
- Skyscraper — Tishman Realty & Construction — Shirley Clarke, Willard Van Dyke e Irving Jacoby
1960
[editar | editar a fonte]- 1960 (33ª) Day of the Painter — Ezra R. Baker
- The Creation of Woman — Charles F. Schwep e Ismail Merchant
- Islands of the Sea — Walt Disney Productions — Walt Disney
- A Sport Is Born — Paramount — Leslie Winik
- 1961 (34ª) Seawards the Great Ships — Templar Film Studios
- Ballon Vole (Play Ball!) — Ciné-Documents
- The Face of Jesus — Dr. John D. Jennings
- Rooftops of New York — Robert Gaffney
- Very Nice, Very Nice — National Film Board of Canada
- 1962 (35ª) Heureux Anniversaire — Pierre Étaix, Jean-Claude Carrière
- Big City Blues — Martina Huguenot van der Linden e Charles Huguenot van der Linden
- The Cadillac — Robert Clouse
- The Cliff Dwellers (tamén titulado One Plus One) — Hayward Anderson
- Pan — Herman van der Horst
- 1963 (36ª) La Rivière du hibou — Paul De Roubaix, Marcel Ichac
- The Concert — Ezra Baker
- Home-Made Car — BP — James Hill
- Six-Sided Triangle — Christopher Miles
- That's Me — Walker Stuart
- 1964 (37ª) Casals Conducts: 1964 — Edward Schreiber
- Help! My Snowman's Burning Down — Carson Davidson
- The Legend of Jimmy Blue Eyes — Robert Clouse
- 1965 (38ª) Le Poulet — Claude Berri
- Fortress of Peace — Lothar Wolff
- Skaterdater — Marshal Backlar e Noel Black
- Snow — British Transport Films — Geoffrey Jones, Edgar Anstey
- Time Piece — Jim Henson
- 1966 (39ª) Wild Wings — British Transport Films — Edgar Anstey
- Turkey the Bridge — Derek Williams
- The Winning Strain — Leslie Winik
- 1967 (40ª) A Place to Stand — Christopher Chapman — Filme do Pavillón de Ontario na Expo 67.
- Paddle to the Sea — National Film Board of Canada — Julian Biggs
- Sky over Holland — John Ferno
- Stop, Look and Listen — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer — Len Janson e Chuck Menville
- 1968 (41ª) Robert Kennedy Remembered — Charles Guggenheim
- The Dove — George Coe, Sidney Davis e Anthony Lover
- Pas de deux — National Film Board of Canada
- Prelude — John Astin
- 1969 (42ª) The Magic Machines — Joan Keller Stern
- Blake — National Film Board of Canada — Doug Jackson
- People Soup — Marc Merson
1970
[editar | editar a fonte]- 1970 (43ª) The Resurrection of Broncho Billy — John Longenecker
- Shut Up...I'm Crying — Robert Siegler, Producer
- Sticky My Fingers...Fleet My Feet — John Hancock
- 1971 (44ª) Centinelas del silencio — Manuel Arango e Robert Amram
- Good Morning — Denny Evans e Ken Greenwald
- The Rehearsal — Stephen F. Verona
- 1972 (45ª) Norman Rockwell's World... An American Dream — Richard Barclay
- Frog Story — Ron Satlof e Ray Gideon
- Solo — David Adams
- 1973 (46ª) The Bolero — Allan Miller e William Fertik
- Clockmaker — Richard Gayer
- Life Times Nine — Pen Densham e John Watson
- 1974 (47ª) One-Eyed Men Are Kings — Paul Claudon, Edmond Sechan
- Climb — Dewitt Jones
- The Concert — Julian Chagrin e Claude Chagrin
- Planet Ocean — George V. Casey
- The Violin — Andrew Welsh e George Pastic
- 1975 (48ª) Angel and Big Joe — Bert Salzman
- Conquest of Light — Louis Marcus
- Dawn Flight — Lawrence M. Lansburgh e Brian Lansburgh
- A Day in the Life of Bonnie Consolo — Barry Spinello
- Doubletalk — Alan Beattie
- 1976 (49ª) In the Region of Ice — Andre Guttfreund, Peter Werner
- Kudzu — Marjorie Anne Short
- The Morning Spider — Julian Chagrin e Claude Chagrin
- Nightlife — Claire Wilbur e Robin Lehman
- Number One —Dyan Cannon e Vince Cannon
- 1977 (50ª) I'll Find a Way — National Film Board of Canada - Beverly Shaffer, Yuki Yoshida
- The Absent-Minded Waiter — William E. McEuen
- Floating Free — Jerry Butts
- Notes on the Popular Arts — Saul Bass
- Spaceborne — Philip Dauber
- 1978 (51ª) Teenage Father — Taylor Hackford
- A Different Approach — Jim Belcher e Fern Field
- Mandy's Grandmother — Andrew Sugerman
- Strange Fruit — Seth Pinsker
- 1979 (52ª) Board and Care — Sarah Pillsbury, Ron Ellis
- Bravery in the Field — Roman Kroitor e Stefan Wodoslawsky — National Film Board of Canada
- Oh Brother, My Brother — Carol Lowell e Ross Lowell
- The Solar Film — Saul Bass e Michael Britton
- Solly's Diner — Harry Mathias, Jay Zukerman e Larry Hankin
1980
[editar | editar a fonte]- 1980 (53ª) The Dollar Bottom — Lloyd Phillips
- Fall Line — Bob Carmichael e Greg Lowe
- A Jury of Her Peers — Sally Heckel
- 1981 (54ª) Violet — Paul Kemp, Shelley Levinson
- Couples and Robbers — Christine Oestreicher
- First Winter — John N. Smith
- 1982 (55ª) A Shocking Accident — Christine Oestreicher
- Ballet Robotique[3] — Bob Rogers
- The Silence — Michael Toshiyuki Uno e Joseph Benson
- Split Cherry Tree — Jan Saunders
- Sredni Vashtar — Andrew Birkin
- 1983 (56ª) Boys and Girls — Janice L. Platt
- Goodie-Two-Shoes — Ian Emes, Producer
- Overnight Sensation — Jon N. Bloom, Producer
- 1984 (57ª) Up — Mike Hoover
- The Painted Door — Michael MacMillan e Janice L. Platt, Producers
- Tales of Meeting and Parting — Sharon Oreck e Lesli Linka Glatter
- 1985 (58ª) Molly's Pilgrim — Jeffrey D. Brown, Chris Pelzer
- Graffiti — Dianna Costello
- Rainbow War — Bob Rogers
- 1986 (59ª) Precious Images — Chuck Workman
- Exit — Stefano Reali e Pino Quartullo
- Love Struck — Fredda Weiss
- 1987 (59ª) Ray's Male Heterosexual Dance Hall — Jonathan Sanger, Jana Sue Memel
- Making Waves — Ann Wingate
- Shoeshine — Robert A. Katz
- 1988 (60ª) The Appointments of Dennis Jennings — Dean Parisot, Steven Wright
- Cadillac Dreams — Matia Karrell, Abbee Goldstein
- Gullah Tales — George deGolian, Gary Moss
- 1989 (61ª) Work Experience — James Hendrie
- Amazon Diary — Robert Nixon
- The Childeater — Jonathan Tammuz
1990
[editar | editar a fonte]- 1990 (63ª) The Lunch Date — Adam Davidson
- Bronx Cheers — Raymond De Felitta, Matthew Gross
- Dear Rosie — Peter Cattaneo, Barnaby Thompson
- Senzeni Na? (What Have We Done?) — Bernard Joffa, Anthony E. Nicholas
- 12:01 PM — Hillary Ripps, Jonathan Heap
- 1991 (64ª) Session Man — Seth Winston, Rob Fried
- Birch Street Gym — Stephen Kessler, Thomas R. Conroy
- Last Breeze of Summer — David M. Massey
- 1992 (65ª) Omnibus — Sam Karmann
- Contact — Jonathan Darby, Jana Sue Memel
- Cruise Control — Matt Palmieri
- The Lady in Waiting — Christian M. Taylor
- Swan Song — Kenneth Branagh, David Parfitt
- 1993 (66ª) Schwarzfahrer — Pepe Danquart
- Down on the Waterfront — Stacy Title, Jonathan Penner
- The Dutch Master — Susan Seidelman, Jonathan Brett
- Partners — Peter Weller, Jana Sue Memel
- La Vis — Didier Flamand
- 1994 (67ª) — TIE:
- Franz Kafka's It's a Wonderful Life — Peter Capaldi, Ruth Kenley-Letts
- Trevor — Peggy Rajski, Randy Stone
- Kangaroo Court — Sean Astin, Christine Astin
- On Hope — JoBeth Williams, Michele McGuire
- Syrup — Paul Unwin, Nick Vivian
- 1995 (68ª) Lieberman in Love — Christine Lahti, Jana Sue Memel
- Brooms — Luke Cresswell, Steve McNicholas
- Duke of Groove — Griffin Dunne, Thom Colwell
- Little Surprises — Jeff Goldblum, Tikki Goldberg
- Tuesday Morning Ride — Dianne Houston, Joy Ryan
- 1996 (69ª) Dear Diary — David Frankel, Barry Jossen
- De tripas, corazón — Antonio Urrutia
- Ernst & Lyset — Kim Magnusson, Anders Thomas Jensen
- Esposados — Juan Carlos Fresnadillo
- Wordless — Bernadette Carranza, Antonello De Leo
- 1997 (70ª) Visas and Virtue — Chris Tashima, Chris Donahue
- Dance Lexie Dance — Pearse Moore, Tim Loane
- It's Good to Talk — Roger Goldby, Barney Reisz
- Sweethearts? — Birger Larsen, Thomas Lydholm
- Wolfgang — Kim Magnusson, Anders Thomas Jensen
- 1998 (71ª) Valgaften — Kim Magnusson, Anders Thomas Jensen
- Culture — Will Speck, Josh Gordon
- Holiday Romance — Alexander Jovy, JJ Keith
- La Carte Postale — Vivian Goffette
- Victor — Simon Sandquist, Joel Bergvall
- 1999 (72ª) My Mother Dreams the Satan's Disciples in New York — Barbara Schock, Tamara Tiehel
- Bror, Min Bror — Henrik Ruben Genz, Michael W. Horsten
- Killing Joe — Mehdi Norowzian, Steve Wax
- Kleingeld — Marc-Andreas Bochert, Gabriele Lins
- Major and Minor Miracles — Marcus Olsson
2000
[editar | editar a fonte]- 2000 (73ª) Quiero ser (I want to be ...) — Florian Gallenberger
- By Courier — Peter Riegert, Ericka Frederick
- One Day Crossing — Joan Stein, Christina Lazaridi
- Seraglio — Gail Lerner, Colin Campbell
- Uma historia de futebol — Paulo Machline
- 2001 (74ª) The Accountant — Ray McKinnon, Lisa Blount
- Copy Shop — Virgil Widrich
- Gregor's Greatest Invention — Johannes Kiefer
- Meska Sprawa — Sławomir Fabicki, Bogumil Godfrejow
- Speed for Thespians — Kalman Apple, Shameela Bakhsh
- 2002 (75ª) Der er en yndig mand — Martin Strange-Hansen
- Fait D'Hiver — Dirk Beliën, Anja Daelemans
- J'Attendrai Le Suivant — Philippe Orreindy, Thomas Gaudin
- Inja — Steven Pasvolsky, Joe Weatherstone
- Johnny Flynton — Lexi Alexander, Alexander Buono
- 2003 (76ª) Two Soldiers — Aaron Schneider, Andrew J. Sacks
- Die Rote Jacke — Florian Baxmeyer
- Most (The Bridge) — Bobby Garabedian e William Zabka
- Squash — Lionel Bailliu
- (A) Torzija — Stefan Arsenijević
- 2004 (77ª) Wasp — Andrea Arnold
- Everything in This Country Must — Gary McKendry
- Little Terrorist — Ashvin Kumar
- 7:35 de la mañana — Nacho Vigalondo
- Two Cars, One Night — Taika Waititi e Ainsley Gardiner
- 2005 (78ª) Six Shooter — Martin McDonagh
- Ausreisser — Ulrike Grote
- Cashback — Sean Ellis e Lene Bausager
- The Last Farm — Rúnar Rúnarsson e Thor S. Sigurjónsson
- Our Time Is Up — Rob Pearlstein e Pia Clemente
- 2006 (79ª) West Bank Story — Ari Sandel
- Binta y la gran idea — Javier Fesser e Luis Manso
- Éramos pocos — Borja Cobeaga
- Helmer og søn — Søren Pilmark e Kim Magnusson
- The Saviour — Peter Templeman e Stuart Parkyn
- 2007 (80ª) Le Mozart des Pickpockets — Philippe Pollet-Villard
- At Night — Christian E. Christiansen e Louise Vesth
- Il Supplente — Andrea Jublin
- Tanghi Argentini — Guido Thys e Anja Daelemans
- The Tonto Woman — Daniel Barber e Matthew Brown
- 2008 (81ª) Spielzeugland — Jochen Alexander Freydank
- Auf der Strecke — Reto Caffi
- Manon on the Asphalt — Elizabeth Marre e Olivier Pont
- New Boy — Steph Green e Tamara Anghie
- The Pig — Tivi Magnusson e Dorte Høgh
- 2009 (82ª) The New Tenants — Joachim Back e Tivi Magnusson
- The Door — Juanita Wilson e James Flynn
- Instead of Abracadabra — Patrik Eklund e Mathias Fjellström
- Kavi — Gregg Helvey
- Miracle Fish — Luke Doolan e Drew Bailey
2010
[editar | editar a fonte]- 2010 (83ª) God of Love — Luke Matheny
- The Confession — Tanel Toom
- The Crush — Michael Creagh
- Na Wewe — Ivan Goldschmidt
- Wish 143 — Ian Barnes
- 2011 (84ª) The Shore — Terry George e Oorlagh George
- 2012 (85ª) Curfew — Shawn Christensen[4]
- Asad — Bryan Buckley e Mino Jarjoura
- Buzkashi Boys — Sam French e Ariel Nasr
- Dood van een Schaduw — Tom Van Avermaet e Ellen De Waele
- Henry — Yan England
- 2013 (86ª) Helium — Anders Walter e Kim Magnusson
- 2014 (87ª) The Phone Call – Mat Kirkby e James Lucas
- Aya – Oded Binnun e Mihal Brezis
- Boogaloo and Graham – Michael Lennox e Ronan Blaney
- La Lampe au Beurre de Yak – Hu Wei e Julien Féret
- Parvaneh – Talkhon Hamzavi e Stefan Eichenberger
- 2015 (88ª) Stutterer – Serena Armitage e Benjamin Cleary
- Alles Wird Gut – Patrick Vollrath
- Ave Maria – Eric Dupont e Basil Khalil
- Day One – Henry Hughes
- Shok – Jamie Donoughue
- 2016 (89ª) Sing – Kristóf Deák e Anna Udvardy
- Ennemis Interieurs – Sélim Azzazi
- La Femme et le TGV – Timo von Gunten e Giacun Caduff
- Silent Nights – Aske Bang e Kim Magnusson
- Timecode – Juanjo Giménez
- 2017 (90ª) The Silent Child – Chris Overton e Rachel Shenton
- DeKalb Elementary – Reed Van Dyk
- The Eleven O'Clock – Derin Seale e Josh Lawson
- My Nephew Emmett – Kevin Wilson Jr.
- Watu Wote/All of Us – Katja Benrath e Tobias Rosen
- 2018 (91ª) Skin – Guy Nattiv e Jaime Ray Newman
- Detainment – Vincent Lambe e Darren Mahon
- Fauve – Jérémy Comte e Maria Gracia Turgeon
- Marguerite – Marianne Farley e Marie-Hélène Panisset
- Madre – Rodrigo Sorogoyen e María del Puy Alvarado
- 2019 (92ª) The Neighbor's Window – Marshall Curry
- Brotherhood – Meryam Joobeur e Maria Gracia Turgeon
- Nefta Football Club – Yves Piat e Damien Megherbi
- Saria – Bryan Buckley e Matt Lefebvre
- A Sister – Delphine Girard
2020
[editar | editar a fonte]| Ano | Filme | Nomeados |
|---|---|---|
| 2020/21 (93ª) | ||
| Two Distant Strangers | Travon Free e Martin Desmond Roe | |
| Feeling Through | Doug Roland e Susan Ruzenski | |
| The Letter Room | Elvira Lind e Sofia Sondervan | |
| The Present | Farah Nabulsi | |
| White Eye | Tomer Shushan e Shira Hochman | |
| 2021 (94ª) | ||
| The Long Goodbye | Aneil Karia e Riz Ahmed | |
| Ala Kachuu – Take and Run | Maria Brendle e Nadine Lüchinger | |
| The Dress | Tadeusz Łysiak e Maciej Ślesicki | |
| On My Mind | Martin Strange-Hansen e Kim Magnusson | |
| Please Hold | K.D. Dávila e Levin Menekse |
Notas
[editar | editar a fonte]- ↑ Rule Nineteen: Short Films Awards. Consultado o 27 de marzo de 2010.
- ↑ Este filme foi anunciado inicialmente como un dos candidatos da categoría, mais antes de votación final foi descualificado e substituído por outra curtametraxe de RKO Radio, Scratch-As-Catch-Can. Non existe documentación no rexistro da Academia sobre o motivo da descualificación.
- ↑ "Ballet Robotique" (PDF). BRC Imagination Arts. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 19 de decembro de 2013. Consultado o 03 de agosto de 2015. Arquivado 19 de decembro de 2013 en Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Nominees for the 85ª edición dos Óscar". oscars.com. Consultado o 9 de febreiro de 2013.